论朱祖谋的词法宗尚

An Analysis on Zhu Zumou’s Ci Admiration and Imitation

清代词学承宋词学而来,并有颇多取法。朱祖谋作为清季词坛中心领袖,学词有颇多取法。其词以辛亥革命为界,分前后两期。前期主要学吴文英,重“涩”调,主要与当时主流词坛尚常派,师事王鹏运,及身为晚清臣子与吴文英成异代知音有关;后期兼学苏轼与吴文英,重“重”调,主要受常州词派界内新变尤其是重、拙、大词学理论的影响,也与他在清亡后的个人遗民悲愤离不开。其词以其苍凉深涩的艺术风格被“海内言词者奉为斗杓”,这与他的词学主张与实践的呼应,以及对吴文英、苏轼的宗尚融合是分不开的。

The study of Ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty is derived from the study of Ci in the Song Dynasty,and there are quite a few ways to take it.Zhu Zumou,as the central leader of Ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty,has grasped many ways to compose Ci.People divide his Ci into two periods;one is before the 1911 revolution and the other after it.In the early stage,he mainly studies Wu Wenying’s poetry and emphasizes the“astringent”tone,which is mainly related to the prevailing school of Ci poetry at that time.His experiences at that time include the acknowledgment of Wang Pengyun as his teacher,and making friends of different generations with Wu Wenying as a late Qing courtier.In his later period,he also studies Su Shi’s Ci poetry and Wu Wenying’s by emphasizing the“heavy”tone,which is mainly influenced by the new changes in Changzhou Ci school,especially the heavy,clumsy and big Ci theory.His Ci style is also inseparable from his grief and indignation as a survivor of the Qing Dynasty.His Ci is regarded as leading scholar by the“domestic lyricists”for its desolate and astringent artistic style,which is inseparable from the echo of his Ci theory and practice,as well as his integrated style of Wu Wenying and Su Shi.