小说证史:《金瓶梅》赌戏考

Interpreting History Through Fiction:Research of Jinpingmei Novel Gambling Games

《金瓶梅》提及赌戏12种,描写人们嬉耍赌戏的场景近百次,参与者遍及社会各个阶层,揭示了明后期赌戏的发展状况:其一,这一时期完成了对传统赌戏的普遍总结与改造,古代赌戏基本定型,围棋、象棋等一部分赌戏流传至今,依旧盛行;其二,随着中下阶层女性参与进来,赌戏一度发展为与弹唱曲艺、女红针织等相提并论的评价女子才艺的主流标准,是当时女子追求人身自由、思想解放、社会地位平等的一个侧影;其三,赌戏的腐朽性进一步暴露,其为赌博所同化的同时,逐步发展成为“官箴之玷”,造成的负面影响仍值得今天反思和警醒。

Jinpingmei Novel refers to 12 kinds of gambling games,describes the gambling scenes nearly one hundred times,the participants all over the social strata,to a large extent exposed the development of gambling in the Late Ming Dynasty.First,it has completed the general summary and transformation during this period of the traditional gambling games,the ancient gambling games were basically finalized,Weiqi,Chess and some other gambling games even spread to today,still prevalent.Second,with the participation of middle and lower class women,gambling games once developed into the mainstream standard of evaluating women talent compared with singing and sewing technology.It was a profile of women pursuit of personal freedom,ideological liberation and social equality at that time.Third,the decay of gambling games is further exposed,which is further assimilated by gambling,and gradually developed into“the stain of officialdom”,the negative impact is still worthy of reflection and vigilance today.