基于多层博弈的智能电网住宅电力实时需求响应机制

Residential Electricity Real-time Demand Response MechanismBased on Multi-level Game in Smart Grid

通过建立多层博弈模型刻画智能电网系统中电力公司、家庭电力管理中心和家庭内各个电器设备间的电力实时需求响应过程。在此模型中,每个时段电力公司将电价通知各个家庭,每个家庭的电力管理中心接收到实时电价信息后为家庭内各个电器设备分配虚拟电价,各个设备则确定各自最优用电量并将其反馈给家庭电力管理中心,由其确定该家庭总用电量并发送至电力公司,电力公司再计算得到最优电价。证明了所建多层博弈模型的均衡存在唯一性,并得到均衡解。仿真结果验证了模型的有效性,并给出其实际应用价值。

This paper establishes a multi-level game model to depict an electricity real-time demand response process among a power company,electricity management centers of residential users,and the devices of each user in smart grid.In this model,the power company provides electricity price to each residential user,while the residential user’s electricity management center responds to the electricity price and distributes virtual retail prices for each equipment controlled by electricity management center.After that,each equipment of residential user feeds its optimal load information in response to virtual retail prices.The electricity management center determines the total electricity consumption from all residential users and sends it to the power company,then the power company recalculates to get the optimal electricity retail price.The equilibrium existence and uniqueness of multi-level game are proved,and the equilibrium is also obtained.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of proposed model,and give its practical application value.