儿童鞋中后底硬度对跑步过程中下肢生物力学影响

Effects of Children’s Footwear Midsole Material Hardness On Running Biomechanics

研究儿童穿着不同中后底硬度的儿童鞋跑步过程中的生物力学参数,探究儿童鞋的中后底硬度对于儿童运动的影响,以为儿童鞋的设计及儿童鞋的选择提供参考。招募7名3岁左右儿童受试者,随机穿着三双相同厚度不同中后底硬度的儿童鞋,其中两双添加垫片(硬度:无支撑片,55~60A支撑片,75~80A支撑片),采用Qualisys镜头红外运动捕捉系统和Kistler三维测力平台系统同步采集运动学和动力学数据。结果显示:穿着不同中底的鞋完成跑步动作时,高硬度鞋髋关节角度在着地时刻,屈曲角度峰值和屈伸幅度都明显小于另外两双鞋;膝关节屈曲角度峰值高硬度鞋明显小于其他两双鞋;着地时刻踝关节屈曲角度,穿着低硬度鞋均小于穿着中硬度鞋和高硬度鞋,踝关节矢状面角度最大值,在穿着低硬度鞋时明显大于穿着中硬度和高硬度鞋;跖趾关节角度最大值在穿着高硬度鞋时显著小于其他两双鞋。因此可以发现儿童鞋中后底的硬度不同会影响儿童跑步时的下肢动力学指标,对于儿童鞋来说,应选择适当中底硬度的鞋子,既可以减小儿童运动中的损伤,增加稳定性,也为儿童提供一定的足底压力,促进儿童足部的生长发育。

The aim of the study is to get biomechanical parameters of children’s shoes with different midsole hardness during running,and to explore the effect of the hardness of children’s shoes on running.It can also provide reference for the design of children’s shoes and the selection of children’s shoes.Seven children about 3 years old were recruited.Three shoe designs were selected.And two of them were added pad additive(using the shore hardness tester A to measure 55-60 A and 75-80 A).The subjects wear the three types of shoes,respectively,running through the force plate.The results showed that the hip showed significantly less flexed at the initial contact wearing hardness shoes than flexion shoes.The same result was observed for peak flexion angles.The knee showed significantly less peak flexion angles wearing hardness shoes than the other shoes.At the initial contact,the flexion angle of ankle with low hardness is smaller than the other two pairs of shoes.The peak flexion angle decreases when increasing hardness;The peak metatarsophalangeal joint angle wearing hardness shoes was significantly lager than the others.The different hardness of children’s shoes midsole will affect the dynamic parameters of the lower limbs of children during running.Children’s shoes with appropriate midsole hardness should be selected,which can reduce children’s sports injuries and increase running stability,also provides children with certain plantar pressure to promotes development of children’s feet.