城市交通拥堵治理措施适应性研究

Adaptability of Urban Traffic Congestion Control Measures

为科学评价城市交通拥堵治理措施的效用,提出基于城市交通运行水平评价指标体系的治理措施适应性评价模型。首先,建立城市交通运行水平评价指标体系,通过层次分析法确定各指标因子权重;然后,引入指标动态数据差值比较法,评价拥堵治理措施实施前后各项指标动态变化情况,综合评估措施的有效性和适应性。最后,以北京市为例,基于北京市2015—2019年关键指标数据,对北京市2019年交通综合治理行动计划进行分析,计算得出该计划适应性水平为“基本适应”,表明北京市2019年拥堵治理措施总体效果良好,城市交通出行质量有所提升。基于此,提出相关建议:应注重城市交通基础设施建设,改善慢行交通出行系统;调整出行结构,优先发展公共交通;同时兼顾环境保护等长期目标,从根本上缓解城市交通拥堵。

To evaluate the effectiveness of urban traffic congestion control measures,a measure adaptability evaluation model based on an index system for urban traffic operation level evaluation was proposed.Firstly,the urban traffic operation level evaluation index system was established,and the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)method was used to determine the weight of each factor.Then,the index dynamic data difference comparison method was introduced to evaluate the dynamic changes of various indicators before and after the implementation of congestion control measures,and comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and adaptability of the congestion control measures.Finally,taking Beijing as an example,based on the key indicator data of Beijing from 2015 to 2019,an analysis of Beijing′s 2019 Comprehensive Transportation Management Action Plan was carried out.It proved that the adaptability level of this plan was"basically adaptive",indicating that the overall effect of Beijing′s congestion control measures in 2019 was good,and the quality of urban traffic travel had been improved.Given this,relevant recommendations are put forward:paying attention to the construction of urban transportation infrastructure and improving the slow traffic travel system;adjusting the travel structure and giving priority to the development of public transport;at the same time,taking into account the long-term objectives such as environmental protection to fundamentally alleviate urban traffic congestion.