堤防决口封堵关键技术研究

Study on key technology of dike breach plugging

堤防决口是洪涝灾害中危害性最大的灾害之一,决口封堵是抗洪抢险中技术要求最高的抢险行动之一,因此能否采用正确的封堵方法将直接影响到抢险的进度和成败。针对影响决口封堵抢险成败的3个关键问题,即封堵时机的选择、决口封堵前的准备工作、决口封堵实施要点,结合多年决口封堵实践进行归纳总结。当水流能量面积平均值NA小于10 t/(s·m)时选择封堵成功几率更大,根据现场道路选择正确的封堵方案和保障充足的料物是决口封堵前最重要的准备工作,而堤头预降坡技术、指挥人员站位和堤头坍塌危险、堤头装备安全注意事项、如何根据决口封堵困难度动态调整封堵材料和合龙后的防渗闭气是关系到决口封堵能否顺利实施的5个要点,以期相关经验能为今后决口封堵抢险提供有益参考和借鉴。

Dike breach is one of the most harmful disasters in flood disaster,and breach plugging is one of the most technically demanding rescue actions in flood fighting and rescue.Whether the correct plugging method can be adopted will directly affect the progress and success of rescue.In view of the three key problems affecting the success of the emergency rescue of the breach plugging,that are:the choice of plugging time,the preparation before the breach plugging and the implementation points of the breach plugging.In this paper,the practice of the breach plugging for many years is summarized.When the average value of flow energy area NAis less than 10 t/(s·m),the probability of successful plugging is greater.It is the most important preparation work to choose the correct plugging scheme according to the site road and ensure sufficient materials.The five key points related to the successful implementation of breach plugging are the pre slope technology of the dike head,the position of the commander and the danger of the dike head collapse,the safety precautions of the dike head equipment,how to dynamically adjust the plugging materials according to the difficulty of the breach plugging and the anti-seepage and air sealing after closure.The relevant experience is expected to provide useful reference for the future breach plugging rescue.