滴灌施肥对果桑生长发育及产量品质的影响

Effects of drip irrigation fertilization on growth,yield and quality of fruit mulberry in facilities cultivation

【目的】分析滴灌条件下不同施肥处理对果桑生长发育及产量品质的影响,为指导设施果桑水肥高效利用和管理提供参考依据。【方法】以11年生的667 m2栽植150株+二级支干整形模式的果桑大10为试材,在同一滴灌条件下,设置5个不同施肥处理[T1:滴灌随水施肥量100%;T2:滴灌随水施肥量80%;T3:滴灌随水施肥量60%;T4:滴灌随水施肥量40%;对照(CK):常规穴施量100%],连续2年田间定位试验,分析滴灌下不同施肥水平对果桑生长发育及产量品质的影响,并采用模糊数学隶属函数法进行综合评价。【结果】滴灌随水施肥量60%、80%和100%的果桑枝叶生长和产果量均高于CK,其中叶片重、单果质量和株产果量分别较CK提高11.55%~27.06%、10.24%~14.44%和15.07%~24.64%,且单果质量显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同),不同施肥处理的发条数和果形指数之间差异不显著(P>0.05,下同);滴灌随水施肥量60%、80%和100%的桑果pH、黄酮和花青素含量均显著高于CK,分别较CK提高1.58%~3.17%、21.94%~35.61%和25.00%~62.50%,可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量虽较CK提高0.83%~1.42%和1.72%~4.39%,但与CK间差异不显著;滴灌随水施肥量80%和100%的多酚含量显著高于滴灌随水施肥量60%和CK,分别较CK提高14.78%和12.56%,滴灌随水施肥量60%的多酚含量较CK提高3.45%;滴灌随水施肥量40%各指标值均低于CK或与CK差异不明显;采用隶属函数法对不同施肥处理的果桑经济性状和营养品质进行综合评价,综合排序为T1处理>T2处理>T3处理>CK>T4处理,以滴灌随水施肥量60%以上的综合表现明显优于常规穴施量100%。【结论】与常规穴施量100%相比,滴灌随水施肥量60%以上有利于促进设施果桑枝叶生长、提升桑果产量和品质,节肥增产效果明显,宜在生产实践中推广应用。

【Objective】The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth,development,yield and quality of fruit mulberry under drip irrigation were studied,which provided theoretical reference for guiding the efficient utilization and management of water and fertilizer of fruit mulberry in facilities.【Method】Fruit mulberry Da 10 in 11 years under 150 plants in 667 m2+secondary branch shaping mode as the test materials,under the condition of same drip irrigation,set up five different fertilizer treatments[T1:fertilizing amount with drip irrigation 100%,T2:fertilizing amount with drip irrigation 80%,T3:fertilizing amount with drip irrigation 60%,T4:fertilizing amount with drip irrigation 40%,control(CK):conventional hole fertilizing amount 100%].Two consecutive years of field positioning tests were conducted.The effects of different fertilization levels on growth and development,yield and quality of fruit mulberry under drip irrigation were analyzed,and the fuzzy mathematics subordinate function value method was used for comprehensive evaluation.【Result】The growth of branch and leaf,and yield of mulberry fruit under 60%,80%and 100%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation were all higher than CK,among which the leaf weight,single berry weight and single plant berry yield were increased by 11.55%-27.06%,10.24%-14.44%and 15.07%-24.64%respectively compared with CK,and the single berry weight was significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05,the same below).There was no significant difference between the number of germination branches and berry shape index in different treatments(P>0.05,the same below).In addition,the pH,flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of mulberry fruits under 60%,80%and 100%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation were significantly higher than CK,which were increased by respectively 1.58%-3.17%,21.94%-35.61%and25.00%-62.50%.However,the soluble solids and soluble sugar contents were respectively 0.83%-1.42%and 1.72%-4.39%higher than CK,but the difference was not significant.The content of polyphenols in 80%and 100%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation was significantly higher than that in 60%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation and CK,which were respectively 14.78%and 12.56%higher than CK.The content of polyphenols in 60%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation was 3.45%higher than CK.The index values of 40%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation were all lower than CK or not obviously different from CK.The fuzzy mathematics subordinate function value method was used for comprehensive evaluation on the economic characters and nutritional quality of fruit mulberry under different fertilization treatments.The comprehensive evaluation sequence was T1>T2>T3>CK>T4.The comprehensive performance of more than 60%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation was obviously better than that of the conventional hole fertilizing amount 100%.【Conclusion】The results show that compared with the conventional hole fertilizing amount 100%,more than 60%fertilizing amount with drip irrigation is beneficial to promote the growth of branches and leaves of fruit mulberry,improve the yield and quality of mulberry fruit,and save fertilizer and increase yield obviously.It should be popularized and applied in production practice.