环境规制下我国粮食生产绿色全要素生产率分析

Green total factor productivity of China’s food production under environmental regulation

【目的】研究环境规制对我国粮食生产绿色全要素生产率,为我国粮食绿色高质量发展提供决策依据。【方法】利用超越对数函数测算2011—2019年我国粮食全要素绿色生产率及分解值,采用Tobit模型探究粮食生产经济发展、人力资本水平和粮食生产财政支出对粮食生产绿色全要素的影响。【结果】从整体上看,我国31个省份(除港澳台)粮食生产绿色全要素生产率从2011年的1.002增长至2019年的1.080,呈波动变化趋势;未考虑环境规制因素的粮食全要素生产率从2011年的1.032增长至2019年的1.035,也呈现波动的增长趋势,各年平均值高于考虑环境规制因素。在考虑环境规制因素的粮食生产绿色全要素生产率分解中,绿色全要素生产率的增长主要通过技术进步增长而增长,技术效率对绿色全要素生产率呈抑制趋势。从不同地区来看,粮食生产绿色全要素生产率呈现东高西低趋势。粮食生产经济发展水平对全国和东部地区粮食生产绿色全要素生产率影响呈先弱后逐步增强的变化趋势,中部和西部地区粮食生产经济发展水平对粮食生产绿色全要素生产率均先增强后逐步减弱的发展趋势。从不同影响因素对粮食绿色全要素生产率影响来看,人力资本对全国及东部地区粮食生产绿色全要素生产率存在显著正向影响,对西部地区呈显著负向影响;粮食生产财政支出对全国和中部地区粮食生产绿色全要素生产率存在显著正向影响。【建议】政府应充分发挥粮食主产区的功能性优势,大力推进专业化生产与要素资源配置,转变不同地区粮食生产发展方式;相关部门应加大粮食生产人力资本投入,加强对人才扶持力度;相关决策机构应加强规范粮食生产环境立法机制,发挥发挥政府差异化粮食生产环境规制策略。

【Objective】To study the impact of environmental regulations on the green total factor productivity of China’s grain production,and to provide a decision-making basis for the green and high-quality development of China’s grain.【Method】The trans-logarithmic function was used to calculate the total factor green productivity and decomposition value of China’s grain production from 2011 to 2019,and the Tobit model was used to explore the impact of grain production economic development,human capital level and grain production fiscal expenditure on the green total factor of grain production.【Result】On the whole,the green total factor productivity of grain production in China’s 31 provinces(except Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)increased from 1.002 in 2011 to 1.080 in 2019,showing a fluctuating trend.The total factor productivity of food without considering environmental regulations has increased from 1.032 in 2011 to 1.035 in2019,showing a fluctuating growth trend.The annual average was higher than considering environmental regulatory factors.In the decomposition of green total factor productivity in food production considering environmental regulatory factors,the growth of green total factor productivity was mainly increased through the growth of technological progress,and technical efficiency showed a restraint trend of green total factor productivity.From the perspective of different regions,the green total factor productivity of grain production showed a trend of high in the east and low in the west.The impact of the economic development level of food production on the green total factor productivity of food production across the country and the eastern region showed a trend of weakening first and then gradually increasing.The economic development level of food production in the central and western regions first increased and then gradually weakened the green total factor productivity of food production.From the perspective of the impact of different influencing factors on the green total factor productivity of food,human capital had a significant positive impact on the green total factor productivity of food production across the country and the eastern region,and a significant negative impact on the western region;the financial expenditure for food production had a significant impact on the green total factor productivity of food production in China and the central region.【Suggestion】The government should give full play to the functional advantages of major grain producing provinces,vigorously promote professional production and factor resource allocation,and change the grain production development mode in different regions;relevant departments should increase human capital input in food production,strengthen talent support;and relevant decision-making agencies should strengthen the legislative mechanism of food production environment,and give full play to the government regulation strategy of differentiated food production environment.