基于自动对行的四垄八行花生条铺收获机设计与试验

Design and testing of peanut strip-laying harvester of four ridges and eight rows based on automatic alignment

【目的】针对目前我国花生条铺收获机对不同种植模式和作业环境适应性差、收获效率低、收获效果欠佳等问题,设计了一种四垄八行花生条铺收获机.【方法】对收获机的整体结构、关键部位的设计思路及工作原理进行了分析.该收获机关键装置包括:挖掘装置、夹持输送装置、自动对行装置、机架折叠装置等,并对影响收获性能指标的主要因素进行试验分析与参数优化.【结果】该收获机能够一次性完成四垄八行花生收获作业,当前进方向发生偏离时可实现自动对行,具有机架折叠功能.优化得到最优参数组合,当机具前进速度1.36 m/s,夹持链轮转速300 r/min,挖掘深度146 mm时,埋果率1.06%,带土率10.31%,作业效率1.39 hm^(2)/h.【结论】田间试验表明,该机具作业性能良好,各项性能指标均优于相关设计要求和技术标准.

【Objective】Due to the problems of currently-used peanut harvesters in China,such as the poor adaptability to different planting patterns and working environment,the low harvest efficiency,and the poor harvest performance,a peanut strip-laying harvesting machine of four ridges and eight rows was designed.【Method】The overall design scheme was described,and the key devices included excavation device,clamping and conveying device,automatic alignment device,rack folding device,etc.The main factors affecting harvest performance were also analyzed and optimized in this study.【Result】The harvester could finish peanut harvest for four-ridge and eight-row strip at one time.Furthermore,the harvester had frame-folding and automatic-alignment functions when the forward direction deviates.The optimal parameter combination was as follows:the forward velocity of 1.36 m/s,the clamping sprocket speed of 300 r/min,and the excavation depth of 146 mm.With such parameter combination,the harvester had a rate of peanut buried in soil of 1.06%,a containing-soil rate of 10.31%,an operational efficiency of 1.39 hm^(2)/h.【Conclusion】Field tests showed that the machine worked well and had higher technical-performance index than the relevant requirements technical standards.