北京云蒙山软枣猕猴桃资源现状及分布特征

Resource Status and Distribution Characteristics of Actinidia arguta in the Yunmeng Mountain of Beijing

软枣猕猴桃为世界著名水果猕猴桃的野生近缘物种,果实绿色,光滑无毛,酸甜可口,是重要的种质资源。然而,当前人工种植技术不高,野生种群受胁,物种延续存在风险。燕山山脉是软枣猕猴桃的核心分布区域之一,北京云蒙山坐落于燕山腹地,软枣猕猴桃资源十分丰富,明确该地区软枣猕猴桃对生境的需求特性,可为该珍贵种质的资源保护与利用提供参考。本研究通过线路踏查和样方调查,对区域内软枣猕猴桃的数量与生境特性展开调查。结果表明,云蒙山地区软枣猕猴桃资源丰富,多分布在海拔800 m以下,群落郁闭度在中等级别,分布地多为缓坡、中下坡、北坡。本研究为软枣猕猴桃的野生资源管护和人工扩繁提供参考和依据。

Actinidia arguta is a wild relative species of the famous fruit A.sinensis,but its fruits are green,smooth and hairless,sweet and sour,and it is an important germplasm resource.Wild populations of Actinidia arguta are threatened partly because of the high demand for cultivation.Yan Mountain is one of the core distribution areas of Actinidia arguta.Clarifying habitat characteristics of Actinidia arguta in this region can provide a reference its conservation and utilization.Actinidia arguta is rich in the Yunmeng Mountain of Beijing where it is located in the hinterland of Yan Mountain.This study investigated the quantity and habitat characteristics of Actinidia arguta of Yunmeng Mountain;the results showed that individuals were rich in at an altitude of 800 meters,its community’s canopy density were in the medium level.Most populations grow in middle and lower portion in north slopes.This study provides the basis and reference for resource management and artificial propagation of Actinidia arguta.