70年来我国民族预科教育的发展历程、模式和中国经验

The Development,Model,and Experience of China s Preparatory Education for Ethnic Minorities over the Past 70 Years

少数民族预科教育是我国从实际出发为少数民族和民族地区培养高级人才而设立的高等教育特色形式。自新中国成立以来,民族预科教育在改革中前行,在发展中改革,经历了初步发展、停滞发展、自主发展、多元发展等四个阶段,形成了有中国特色的民族教育体系。创新了集中办学、以预为主的广西模式,分散办学、“预本衔接”的内蒙古模式,以补为主、重视语言的新疆模式。民族预科教育形成了可资借鉴的中国经验,多元化培养模式是党的民族政策的成功实践,成为造就少数民族高级人才的金色桥梁。

The preparatory education for ethnic minorities is a characteristic form of higher education set up for the training of top talents in ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.It is committed to cultivating more talents in remote and impoverished ethnic minority areas.Meanwhile,the preparatory education for ethnic minorities is of great significance for implementing the CPC s ethnic policy and promoting common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups.Over the past 70 years,under the care of the Party and the state,ethnic preparatory education has undergone continuous reform and development,and has formed a series of standardized educational operating systems,including enrollment of students,curriculum and teaching materials,student management,teaching guarantee,ideological and political education,etc.It has formed a multiform and multilevel education system and has become an important part of the higher education system with Chinese characteristics.This article reviews the history of the reform and development of China s preparatory education for ethnic minorities over the past 70 years as well as its innovations in training models.On this basis,it discusses the great achievements and/or experiences of the preparatory education for ethnic minorities in China.Since the founding of the People s Republic of China,ethnic preparatory education has been going through four stages:preliminary development,stagnant development,independent development,and diversified development.In the last 70 years,the preparatory education for ethnic minorities has become an important part of the ethnic education system with Chinese characteristics,and a successful platform for the Party s ethnic policy using a variety of innovative training modes.For instance,the Guangxi model focuses on preparatory tutoring and mainly teaching students in the same location,and ensuring equal educational opportunities for impoverished ethnic minorities in rural areas.It also insists on unified teaching and management and teaches students to follow their aptitude and attach importance to reform.Whereas the Inner Mongolia model concentrates on decentralized school management,striving to build an education system of“preparatory and undergraduate coupling”and to continuously strengthen its educational evaluation.There is also a Xinjiang model which started in the 1950s and it focuses on supplementary tutoring and the emphasis on languages.Xinjiang colleges and universities generally adopt a supplementary study of the commonly spoken and written language in China,complemented by other basic culture courses.Currently,the preparatory education for ethnic minorities has formed an ethnic preparatory education system with Chinese characteristics and has trained a large number of ethnic minority talents.It has become a golden bridge to train top talents of ethnic minorities.