场域视角下海归科学家流动研究述评及展望

Review and prospect of the research on the flow of returned scientists from the field perspective

海归科学家是特殊职业类型的移民群体,深刻把握科学家跨国流动、适应融合和发展规律是吸引、留住、用好海归人才的重要保障。当前大部分海归人才流动研究聚焦于流动规律和影响因素的调查分析,对海归人才能动性和流动周期性研究不足。场域视角下,人才流动研究要基于跨国回流、适应融入、职业发展、再次流动等全周期过程,从微观和过程视角去探讨人才在流动中的行动策略、利益冲突和权力博弈等过程,并注重海归人才的类型多样性、环境建构能力和资本运作差异化等内容,理解不同海归科学家在流动和适应发展中的差异性,以更好把握海归科学家跨国流动的复杂性和内在机理,为科技人才政策研究和完善提供理论支撑。

Returned scientists are a group of immigrants with a special type of occupation.The deep understanding of the laws of transnational flow,adaptation,integration and the development of scientists is an important guarantee for attracting,retaining and making good use of returned talents.Most of the current research on the flow of the returned talents focuses on the investigation and analysis of flowing law and influencing factors,and there is insufficient research on initiative and flow cyclical of the returned talents.From the field perspective,the research on talent flow should be based on the full-cycle flow process such as transnational return,adaptation and integration,career development,and re-flow,then explore the process of action strategies,conflicts of interest and power games in the flow of talents from the microscopic and process perspectives.Meantime,the research should pay attention to the diversity of the types of returned talents,the construction of the environment,and the differentiation of capital operations,understand the differences of the returned scientists in the flow and adaptation development,in order to better grasp the complexity and inherent mechanism of returned scientists,and provide theoretical support for the research and improvement of S&T talent policy.