四肢骨折下肢深静脉血栓危险因素及护理要点

Risk Factors and Nursing Points of Deep Vein Thrombosis of Lower Extremity Fractures

目的探讨四肢骨折下肢深静脉血栓危险因素及护理要点。方法回顾性分析2019年11月—2020年11月该院四肢骨折患者150例的临床资料,依据护理方法分为预防性护理组(n=75)和常规性护理组(n=75),分析两组患者下肢深静脉血栓发生情况、疼痛程度、消肿时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间,单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析四肢骨折下肢深静脉血栓危险因素。结果预防性护理组患者的下肢深静脉血栓发生率2.7%(2/75)显著低于常规性护理组24.0%(18/75),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.769,P<0.05);预防性护理组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分显著低于常规性护理组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);预防性护理组消肿时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均显著短于常规性护理组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四肢骨折下肢深静脉血栓危险因素包括手术时间≥2 h、术后未主被动锻炼(P<0.05)。结论四肢骨折下肢深静脉血栓危险因素包括手术时间≥2 h、术后未主被动锻炼,预防性护理较常规性护理效果好。

Objective To explore the risk factors and nursing points of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in limbs fracture.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 150 patients with limb fractures in the hospital from November 2019 to November 2020 was divided into preventive care group(n=75)and conventional care group(n=75)according to the nursing methods,analyzed the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis,pain degree,swelling time,fracture healing time,and hospital stay of the two groups of patients,univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity fractures.Results The incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in preventive nursing group was 2.7%(2/75)significantly lower than that in conventional nursing group 24.0%(18/75),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=14.769,P<0.05).Visual analog scale(VAS)score in preventive nursing group was significantly lower than that in conventional nursing group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the detumescence time,fracture healing time and hospital stay time in preventive nursing group were significantly shorter than those in conventional nursing group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The risk factors of DVT included operation time≥2 h and no active or passive exercise after operation(P<0.05).Conclusion The risk factors of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis include operation time≥2 h,no active and passive exercise after operation,and the effect of preventive nursing is better than routine nursing.