黑水虻虫粪对水稻生长及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of black soldier fly frass on rice growth and soil physical and chemical properties

【目的】黑水虻虫粪为黑水虻幼虫生物转化畜禽粪便所得,其有机质、养分含量高,可作为有机肥施用。研究黑水虻虫粪施用对水稻生长和土壤理化性质的影响,为其安全、合理使用提供科学依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置施用盆栽土壤重量的0%、2%、4%、6%和8%虫粪肥5个处理(依次记为CK、T1、T2、T3、T4),一次施肥后连续两年种植水稻,研究不同施肥处理对水稻株高、叶片酶活性、稻米产量、稻米氮磷钾含量、土壤养分指标、土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】施肥后第一年(2018年),T2处理的水稻株高、产量最高,分别较CK提高了5.8%、43.7%,而T4处理的株高、产量分别较CK降低了8.0%、20.0%。在第二年(2019年)水稻株高和产量随着虫粪施用量的增加而提高,施虫粪肥处理提高了11.5%~33.5%的株高和33.9%~195.5%的产量。虫粪肥的施用在两年中都提高了水稻叶片的SOD、POD、CAT活性和稻米中的氮磷钾含量,且随着虫粪用量的增加而提高。虫粪肥的施用使土壤pH两年中分别由6.46、6.51提升到7.13、7.14。有机质含量提高了7.1%~32.5%,EC值提高了13.6%~99.9%,铵态氮含量提高了25.2%~195.4%,有效磷含量提高了45.7%~312.0%,速效钾含量提高了1.7~20.1倍。虫粪肥提高了13.1%~109.5%的脲酶活性,提高了14.5%~45.4%的磷酸酶活性,提高了25.2%~286.5%的蔗糖酶活性。【结论】黑水虻虫粪的施用可以提高土壤养分含量和酶活性,适宜的施用量能促进当季和后茬水稻生长,提高水稻产量,因此黑水虻虫粪作为一种新型有机肥料,具有广阔的应用潜力。

【Objectives】Black soldier fly frass was obtained by biotransformation of animal dung using black soldier fly larvae.It had high content of organic matter and nutrients.We studied the effects of black soldier fly frass as organic fertilizer on crop growth and soil fertility improvement.【Methods】Pot experiments were conducted using rice as tested crop.The insect frass were applied in ratio of 0(CK),2%(T1),4%(T2),6%(T3),and 8%(T4)of the pot soil weight.Rice was planted for two consecutive years after one fertilization.The plant height and yield of rice,the rice leaf enzyme activity,N,P,K content,soil nutrient index and soil enzyme activity were analyzed.【Results】In first year of fertilization(2018),the plant height and yield of T2 treatment were the highest,and were 5.8%and 43.7%higher than those of CK,while T4 treatment had the lowest plant height and yield,which were 8.0%and 20.0%lower than those of CK.In the second year(2019),the plant height and yield of rice increased with the increase of insect frass application rate,and compared with CK,the plant height and yield of fertilization treatment increased by 11.5%−33.5%and 33.9%−195.5%,respectively.The insect frass increased the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in rice leaves and the contents of N,P and K in rice in two years.The insect frass also increased the soil pH from 6.46 and 6.51 to 7.13 and 7.14,respectively in two years,increased organic matter content by 7.1%−32.5%,EC value by 13.6%−99.9%,ammonium N by 25.2%−195.4%,available P by 45.7%−312.0%,and readily available K by 1.7−20.1 times.The activities of urease,phosphatase and sucrose in soil were increased by 13.1%−109.5%,14.5%−45.4%and 25.2%−286.5%,respectively.【Conclusions】The application of black soldier fly frass is proved of effective in improving soil fertility.Reasonable application amount promoted the growth and yield of rice in current and following seasons.Therefore,black soldier fly frass is promising to be used as an organic fertilizer in crop production and soil fertility maintenance.