原发性高血压患者24-h尿钠、尿钾水平与高血压等级的关系

Relationship of 24-hour urine sodium and potassium levels with hypertension grade in patients with essential hypertension

目的探讨原发性高血压患者24-h尿钠、尿钾水平与高血压等级的关系。方法根据《中国高血压防治指南(2018年修订版)》(简称2018指南)和《ISH 2020国际高血压实践指南》(简称2020指南)对50例原发性高血压患者进行高血压分级,检测24-h尿钠、尿钾水平,计算24-h尿钠/钾比值。结果2018指南分组中,高血压1级患者24-h尿钠和24-h尿钠/钾比值均低于高血压3级患者,而24-h尿钾高于高血压3级患者(P<0.05)。2020指南分组中,高血压1级患者24-h尿钠和24-h尿钠/钾比值均低于高血压2级患者,而24-h尿钾高于高血压2级患者(P<0.05)。2018指南分组,24-h尿钠和24-h尿钠/钾比值均与高血压等级呈正相关(r_(s)=0.813和0.835,P<0.01),24-h尿钾与高血压等级呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.352,P<0.05)。2020指南分组,24-h尿钠和24-h尿钠/钾比值均与高血压等级呈正相关(r_(s)=0.574和0.689,P<0.01),24-h尿钾与高血压等级呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.354,P<0.05)。结论尿钠、尿钾与高血压等级密切相关,有效膳食干预可以在一定程度上预防原发性高血压的发生与发展。

Objective To explore the relationship of 24-hour urine sodium and potassium levels with hypertension grade in patients with essential hypertension.Methods Fifty patients with essential hypertension were classified according to the 2018 and 2020 guidelines.Urinary sodium and potassium within 24-hour were detected and the ratio of sodium to potassium was calculated.Results Classified according to 2018 guideline,the 24-hour urinary sodium and the ratio of 24-hour sodium to potassium were lower,but 24-hour urinary potassium was higher in the patients with grade 1 hypertension than those in the patients with grade 3 hypertension(P<0.05).Classified according to 2020 guideline,the 24-hour urinary sodium and the ratio of sodium to potassium were lower,but 24-hour urinary potassium was higher in the patients with grade 1 hypertension than those in the patients with grade 2 hypertension(P<0.05).Classified according to 2018 guideline,the 24-hour urinary sodium and the ratio of 24-hour sodium to potassium were positively correlated with blood pressure grade(r_(s)=0.813 and 0.835,P<0.01),but 24-hour urinary potassium was negatively correlated with blood pressure grade(r_(s)=-0.352,P<0.05).Classified according to 2020 guideline,the 24-hour urinary sodium and the ratio of 24-hour sodium to potassium were positively correlated with blood pressure grade(r_(s)=0.574 and 0.689,P<0.01),but 24-hour urinary potassium was negatively correlated with blood pressure grade(r_(s)=-0.354,P<0.05).Conclusion Urine sodium and urine potassium are closely correlated with blood pressure grade.Effective dietary intervention may prevent in a certain degree the occurrence and development of essential hypertension.