知识专业化与关联性对竞争优势的影响

The Influence of Knowledge Specialization and Relevance on Competitive Advantage

针对目前各省域知识技术发展同质化问题,基于国家知识产权局专利数据,揭示2000—2017年中国(内地)31个省市自治区知识专业化和关联性时空演化特征,探讨二者对竞争优势的影响。结果表明:创新活动层级差距显著,高层级地区知识创造活动多样性特征更显著,低层级地区的知识倾向于关注单一领域;知识关联性空间分布呈现出自东向西减弱趋势,东部沿海地区技术演化对知识基础的依赖性较强,中西部地区则较弱;知识产品竞争优势转换存在显著路径依赖,与地方知识库结构关联密度高的知识生产可能会成为未来比较竞争优势。从区域内知识集聚视角看,专业化程度越高越有利于关联密度较低领域竞争优势形成;从全国知识分工视角看,多样化程度越高越有利于关联密度较高领域下一期竞争优势形成。

In view of the homogenization of knowledge and technology development in different provinces,based on the patent data of the State Intellectual Property Office,this paper describes the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of knowledge specialization and relevance in 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions of China from 2000 to 2017,and discusses their influence on competitive advantage.The results show that the level gap of innovation activities is obvious,the diversity of knowledge creation activities in high-level areas is more obvious,and the knowledge tendency in low-level areas pays attention to a single field;the spatial distribution of knowledge relevance tends to weaken from east to west,and the technological evolution in the eastern coastal areas is more dependent on the knowledge base,while in the central and western regions it is weaker.There is obvious path dependence in the transformation of competitive advantage of knowledge products,and knowledge production with high correlation density with local knowledge base structure may become a comparative competitive advantage in the future.From the perspective of knowledge agglomeration in the region,the higher the degree of specialization,the more conducive to the formation of competitive advantages in areas with low correlation density;From the perspective of the national division of knowledge,the higher the degree of diversification,the better the areas with higher correlation density will become the next competitive advantage.