新发(重大)传染病“全哨点”“多症候”监测体系构建

Establishment of a full-coverage sentinel and multi-symptom surveillance system for new(major) infectious diseases-a literature study

目的明确目前我国传染病监测体系存在的主要问题,初步构建"全哨点""多症候"传染病监测体系,以满足日益增长的传染病监测防控需求,真正发挥岗哨前沿特异性、及时性、灵敏性的作用。方法系统全面检索收集2000—2021年有关新发(重大)传染病监测预警的文献,最终筛选出78篇文献并进行评阅,明确传染病监测哨点并利用文献内容分析法进一步归纳提炼。结果构建出"五纵四横一中心"的传染病监测网络,通过横到边、纵到底的全方位网格化监测网络,监测新发(重大)传染病早期的"临床症状"和"社会症状",真正发挥各哨点灵敏的关口预警作用。结论新发(重大)传染病监测体系的构建遵循统一规划、纵横联网、资源共享、平战结合等原则,能够做到全方位、多症候监测,较为科学完善。

Objective To explore main problems existing in current infectious disease surveillance system and to propose some primary considerations on the establishment of a full-coverage sentinel and multi-symptomatic infectious disease surveillance system in China to meet the growing demand for surveillance and prevention of infectious disease epidemic.Methods Literatures relevant to new(major) infectious disease surveillance and early warning published from 2000 through2021 were systematically searched via China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), official websites of international organizations, and Baidu Scholar. Results Based on inductive generalization of 78 literatures retrieved, a theoretical infrastructure was proposed for the full-coverage sentinel and multi-symptomatic infectious disease surveillance system to be constructed. The suggested system should be operated effectively at five-regional level(country, province, municipality,county, and township);the system′s sentinels should include medical institutions, grassroots units, departments responsible for surveillance among migrant populations and a big data management center is also to be constructed for the system. Early clinical and social symptoms of new(major) infectious diseases should be monitored comprehensively across whole country.Conclusion The construction of full-coverage sentinel and multi-symptomatic surveillance system for new(major)infectious diseases should follow the principles of unified planning, nationwide networking, resource sharing, and effectively operating at ordinary times and in emergency.