2018-2020年湖北省儿童蛲虫感染监测结果分析

Surveillance on Enterobius vermicularis infection among children in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020

目的了解湖北省2018-2020年儿童蛲虫感染现状及变化趋势,为制定全省儿童蛲虫病防控策略提供科学依据。方法根据《全国土源性线虫病监测方案(试行)》要求,在湖北省阳新县设立固定监测点,另选取10%~15%的县(市、区)作为流动监测点。各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中等5个片区,每片区抽取1个乡(镇、街道)的1个行政村(社区)开展监测。对各监测点中3~9岁儿童采用改良加藤厚涂片法和胶纸肛拭法进行蛲虫感染检测,采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件对不同性别、年龄、地区、不同类型儿童感染率进行比较分析。(108/5 860);2018、 2019和2020年感染率分别为1.6%(37/2 356)、 2.3%(40/1 758)和1.8%(31/1 746)。钟祥市儿童蛲虫感染率较高,为16.3%(23/141),各地区儿童蛲虫感染率间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=82.501,P <0.01);男、女童的蛲虫感染率分别为1.8%(58/3 196)和1.9%(50/2 664),城区和乡村儿童蛲虫感染率分别为1.5%(11/738)和1.9%(97/5 122)。4~7岁年龄组儿童感染率最高,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.697, P <0.05);透明胶纸肛拭法蛲虫感染检出率为1.8%(106/5 860),高于改良加藤厚涂片法的0.3%(15/5 860)(χ2=69.152, P <0.01)。结论湖北省2018-2020年儿童蛲虫感染率整体水平较低,各地区感染率间差异较大,重点加强对4~7岁幼托儿童蛲虫感染的监测与精准防治。

Objective To understand the current status of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children and its transmission trend in Hubei Province during 2018 - 2020, to provide scientific basis for formulating control strategy for enterobiasis in the province. Methods According to the National Surveillance Program of Soil Transmitted Nematodiasis(Trial), Hubei Yangxin county was selected as a fixed surveillance site, and additional 10%-15% of total counties(city, district) were included as mobile surveillance sites. Each surveillance site was divided into 5 areas on the basis of geographical location(east, west, south, north and middle), from each of the areas, one administrative village was selected from one township(town, community) for conducting surveillance. Children at age 3-9 years from each site were examined for Enterobius infection with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and cellophane tanal swab. The infection rates in children with different ages, genders, residence areas and general conditions were compared and analyzed with SPSS 22.0. Results A total of 5 860 children were examined in 28 surveillance sites from 2018 to 2020, and the average infection rate of Enterobius was found to be 1.8%(108/5 860). The average infection rates in 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 1.6%(37/2 356), 2.3%(40/1 758) and 1.8%(31/1 746), respectively. Higher infection rate was detected in Zhongxiang City, being at 16.3%( 23/141). Statistically significant differencewas found between different districts ( χ2= 82.501, P < 0.01 ). The infection rates in boys and girls were1.8%(58/3 196) and 1.9%(50/2 664), respectively. In addition, the infection rates of children living in urban and rural areas were 1.5%(11/738) and 1.9%(97/5 122), respectively. Highest infection rate was found seen in children at 4 to7 years of age, and the difference between age groups was statistically significant( χ2= 17.697, P < 0.05). The infection rate of E. vermicularis detected with cellophane anal swab was 1.8%(106/5 860), which was significantly higher than that found with the modified Kato Katz thick smear method(0.3%, 15/5 860)( χ2= 69.152, P < 0.01). Conclusion The overall infection rate of E. vermicularis in children was comparatively low in Hubei Province during2018 - 2020, whereas the infection rate varied obviously in different areas. It is stressed that surveillance and counter measures should be strengthened for Enterobius infection in children at 4-7 years of age.