超导中的量子磁通涡旋

Vortex matter in superconductors

超导体具有零电阻和完全抗磁性的宏观物性,在能源、交通、医疗等方面具有重要的应用价值,吸引着无数的科学家致力于此。此外,其超导物性及微观机理的研究也极大地促进了凝聚态物理强关联体系和量子力学等基础学科的发展。至今,诺贝尔物理学奖已先后5次授予10位从事超导研究的科学家。文章主要谈及与超导体宏观物性紧密关联的一个量子化微小物质——磁通涡旋,希望能够从涡旋物质这一超导研究领域的冰山一角,和大家一起见微知著、睹始知终,一窥超导体物理现象的奇妙,一览相关前沿应用的风采。

Based on the two intrinsic properties,zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism,superconductors have great potential in the application of energy,public transportation,and medical area.A large number of scientists devote to this field.Moreover,the study of the superconductivity and behind microscopic mechanism have also boosted the progress of the strongly correlated system in condensed matter as well as the quantum mechanics.So far,ten scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize on Physics due to their contributions related to the study of superconductivity.In this paper,we will mainly discuss a minor quantum matter,the vortex,which is closely related to the macroscopic superconducting properties.This microscopic vortex matter can travel us around the unique properties of superconductivity and the frontier applications.