刮骨疗毒的诞生:古典医学视野中的《三国演义》时空设置与人物功能

Time and space setting and character function of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the perspective of classical medicine

刮骨疗毒是《三国演义》的经典场景之一,但它与古代外科实践明显相悖。本文以古典医学知识为切入点,考察刮骨疗毒场景的逻辑起点、外科知识来源及其医学背景,探讨这一场景从史传到小说在价值与艺术维度上的规范化历程。从时空设置上讲,刮骨疗毒移花接木地将诸多时空情境剪裁拼接,采用非日常生活逻辑的叙述方式,创造出关羽与华佗最后的高光时刻,在崇高悲壮的审美风格之中寄寓了反讽意蕴;同时,在人物功能方面,刮骨疗毒场景凸显出关羽性格中傲慢与忠义的一体两面。小说还通过华佗勾连起魏蜀吴三方势力的核心人物,既有串联全书医学场景的功能,又表现了专业人才难以苟全性命于乱世的悲剧感,拓宽了小说的叙事意图。

Scraping bone to cure poison is one of the classic scenes in Romance of the Three Kingdoms,but its narrative is obviously contrary to ancient surgical practice.This article takes classical medical knowledge as the starting point,examines the logical starting point,source of surgical knowledge and medical background of the scene of scraping the bone to cure poison,and discusses the standardization of this scene from the history to the novel in the dimension of value.From the perspective of time and space settings,Scraping Bone Treatment cuts and splices many scenes,uses non-daily logic narrative methods to create the final highlight moment of the main characters,and contains irony in the lofty and tragic aesthetic style;at the same time,in terms of character functions,the novel connects the core characters of the three kingdoms through Hua Tuo,which not only connects the functionality of the medical scene of the whole book,but also expresses the tragic sense that professionals can hardly conserve life in chaos.So as to broaden the narrative intention of the novel.