魏晋南北朝时期道经所见黄帝形象分析

The Cultural Image of the Yellow Emperor in the Taoist Classics of the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期,道教为了增强自身经典的神圣性与权威性以实现自我赋值,在造神运动中积极刺取了先秦两汉以来兼具圣王与神仙双重角色的黄帝形象。《抱朴子内篇》《太上灵宝五符序》《真诰》等道教经典中屡现黄帝行迹,通过拟历史、赋仙职、造名号、聚神团、入神谱等多元建构方式,黄帝被深度塑造为辅臣追随、至诚修道、接遇神仙、承传经法、统摄天下、总领群仙、司掌脾胃等文化形象。南朝齐梁高道陶弘景将"玄圃真人轩辕黄帝"为首的儒家"五帝"系统和寓言、传说、神话中与黄帝相关者收列《真灵位业图》,形成了一大黄帝神团,为确立其在道教神系中的崇隆地位奠定了坚实基础。

During the Wei,Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties,in order to improve the sanctity and authority of its own classics and realize self appreciation,Taoism actively absorbed the image of the Yellow Emperor who has been playing the dual roles of Saint King and immortal since the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties.Yellow Emperor's miracles were frequently found in many Taoist classics,such as"Baopuzi Inner Chapters","the Preface to Taishang Lingbao's Five Characters"and"Zhen Gao".Through the"simulation of historical construction"of these Taoist Classics,Yellow Emperor has been portrayed as a multicultural image such as auxiliary minister following,practicing Tao sincerely,receiving immortals,inheriting scriptures,dominating the world,leading immortals,and holding the spleen and stomach.His name was also quite rich.Tao Hongjing,the famous Taoist in the Southern Dynasty,listed the Confucian"Five Emperors"system led by"Xuanpu Immortal Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor"and those related to Yellow Emperor in fables,legends and myths,he collected these in the"True immortal position diagram",which formed a immortal group of Yellow Emperor and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of his sublime position in the Taoist theology.