耳朵里的故事——文学叙事的三种聆听模式辨析

The Story in the Ears——Analysis of Three Listening Modes in Literary Narrative

耳朵是人类接收声音的器官。和眼睛受到视角的限制不同,耳朵对声音的接收是全方位的。对于纷至沓来的声音,人类具有足够的智慧和方法进行处理。法国声音理论家皮埃尔·舍费尔提出了人类倾听的三种基本模式:因果聆听、语义聆听、简化聆听。因果聆听是最常见的,它是为了获得发声源的聆听。语义聆听是指为了对一段信息进行解释而编码或组织语言的聆听模式。简化聆听是指那种以声音本身的特点为中心的聆听模式,与它的因果和意义无关。综合运用三种不同的聆听模式,读者可以辨析和享受许多美妙的故事,更好地理解叙事蕴含的意义。

The ear is the organ through which human beings receive sounds. Unlike the eye,which is limited by the angle of view, the ear receives sounds in all directions. Human beings have mastered enough wisdom and ways to do with the incoming sounds. French sound theorist Pierre Schaeffer proposed three basic modes of human listening:causal listening,semantic listening,and reduced listening. Causal listening is the most common and is used for the listening of the sound sources. Semantic listening refers to the code or language used to interpret a piece of information. Reduced listening is a kind of listening mode centered on the characteristics of the sound itself,regardless of its cause,effect and meaning. By comprehensivelyadopting the three modes of listening to the sounds in narrative,readers can discern and enjoy many beautiful stories,and better understand the connotation of narrative.