科研不端惩戒机制:实质、困境及其逻辑构设

The Punishment Mechanism for Scientific Research Misconduct:Essence, Dilemma and Its Logical Construction

科研不端惩戒是实现"后学院"时代语境下科学精神复归的核心举措,传统科研不端惩戒以道德约束为核心,在科研不端行为形式愈发多样、程度愈发严重的背景下逐渐乏力,科研不端惩戒在主体、行为与责任等方面均存在不足,亟待呼唤其他手段的介入。依据科研不端行为危害性程度的差异,将其侵犯的客体类型化为信任、契约与法律三重客体,在此基础之上形成失信惩戒、契约惩戒与法律惩戒的层级化惩戒机制,进而构建层级化的科研不端惩戒主体体系与阶梯化的科研不端责任体系,以实现科学共同体自我治理、契约治理与法治等治理手段的融合,体现现代科研不端惩戒强制性与互动性的统一。

The punishment of scientific research misconduct is the core measure to achieve the return of the spirit of science in post-academic era. The traditional punishment of scientific research misconduct is based on moral restraint. Under the background of increasingly diverse and serious forms of scientific research misconduct, the subject, behavior and responsibility of the punishment of scientific research misconduct are inadequate, and it is urgent to call for the intervention of other regulation. Based on the different degree of harm of scientific misconduct, the object of scientific misconduct is classified into a triple object of trust, contract and law. On this basis, a hierarchical punishment mechanism of dishonesty punishment, contract punishment and legal punishment is formed. And then, building a hierarchical system of disciplines for scientific research misconduct and a stepped system of responsibility for scientific research misconduct, to realize the integration of governance methods such as scientific community self-governance, contract governance, and rule of law, which is reflecting the unity of compulsory and interactive governance of modern scientific research misconduct.