高校产教融合背景下人才培育困境化解:基于MIT工程人才培养模式研究

Resolving the Dilemma of Talents Training in the Context of Industry-education Integration in Colleges and Universities——Based on the MIT Engineering Talents Training Mode

产教融合是深化教育供给侧结构性改革、培养高素质创新人才和技术技能人才、实现高等教育内涵发展的重要举措。目前,我国高校产教融合面临校企合作浅层次、产学相对脱节、体制机制不完善等内卷化困境。麻省理工学院面向未来新工程人才培养模式推动产教深度融合的特征十分明显,本文分析其在人才培养理念、产学合作模式、课程结构设计、师资队伍建设等方面的有益经验。解决高校产教融合内卷化困境的有效途径可以包括:建构"教学主体+社会力量"的"工程教育共同体"、形成"问题导向+学科交叉"的"工程教育新体系"、探索"教学实验+企业实践"的"工程教育新模式"、强化"科研教师+工程导师"的"工程教育新师资"。

The integration between industry and education is an important measure to deepen the structural reform of the education supply side,cultivate high-quality innovative talents and technical skills talents,and realize the connotative development of higher education.Presently,there are still a lot of problems:industry-university cooperation is at a shallow level,industry and education is relatively disconnected,institutional mechanism is inadequate.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology engineering talents training mode for the future has obvious characteristics in promoting the deep integration of industry and education.This paper discusses the effective ways of solving the dilemma of the integration between industry and education in university through analyzing its useful experience in talents training concepts,industry-university cooperation models,curriculum structure design,and teacher team construction.The effective ways to solve the dilemma can include constructing a new engineering education community composed of teaching subjects and social forces,forming a new engineering education system with problem-oriented and interdisciplinary characteristics,exploring a new model of engineering education composed of teaching experiments and corporate practices,and strengthening a new engineering education teacher team composed of scientific research teachers and engineering tutors.