野生动物立法公共卫生安全功能之完善

Perfection of Public Health Safety Function of Wildlife Legislation

野生动物保护法的修改应增加公共卫生安全保障之立法目的。从比较法的视角看,现行野生动物保护法在公共卫生安全方面包括至少四个漏洞:首先,分类分级基于珍贵、濒危程度,缺乏对公共卫生安全风险的重视;其次,对高风险非保护动物的处置缺乏限制性规定;再次,家畜检疫与人工繁育野生动物检疫未作区分;最后,对人畜共患病的防治缺乏专门机构和高级别协调机制。公共卫生安全纳入野生动物保护法的立法目的,既符合科学规律,又具有正当性。它同时可以得到自然疫源地规律和生态系统正义两方面支持。在立法目的调整后,野生动物保护法应做相应的制度调适,将《陆生养殖动物遗传资源目录》列入野生动物除外范围,并制定《高风险野生动物名录》。同时,有必要建立高风险野生动物处置许可制度,按照生物风险等级分类规范特种养殖行业的检疫程序,在疾控中心下设立人畜共患疾病防治的专门机构,对接生物安全法,建立人畜共患病防范协调机制。

The amendment of the wildlife protection law should include the legislative purpose of public health safety guarantee.From the perspective of comparative law,the current wildlife protection law includes at least four important loopholes in public health security.First of all,the classification and classification are based on the precious and endangered degree,and lacks the attention to public health safety risks.Second,there are no restrictive regulations on the disposal of high-risk non-protected animals.Furthermore,there is no distinction between domestic animal quarantine and artificial breeding wild animal quarantine.Finally,the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases lacks specialized agencies and high-level coordination mechanisms.The legislative purpose of incorporating public health safety into the Wildlife Protection Law is both in accordance with scientific laws and legitimate.It can also be supported by both the law of natural foci and the justice of the ecosystem.After the legislative purpose is adjusted,the corresponding system should be adjusted to include the"Terrestrial Animals Genetic Resources Directory"in the scope of wild animals,and enumerate the"High Risk Wild Animals List".At the same time,it is necessary to establish a high-risk wildlife disposal permit system,standardize the quarantine procedures of the special breeding industry according to the biological risk classification,establish a special institution for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases under the Center for Disease Control,and establish a zoonotic disease preventive coordination mechanism under the biosecurity law.