中国民法典业主决议效力规则释论

On the Interpretation of the Rules of the Validity of the Owner’s Resolution in the Civil Code of China

我国《民法典》第280条以"侵害业主合法权益"为业主决议的撤销事由,司法实践在认定"侵害业主合法权益"时颇具争议。业主合法权益受侵害服务于业主决议瑕疵的判断,当其不能提供明确指引时,应发挥行为要素对客体要素的补足功能。《民法典》第280条实质上发挥着业主权益救济一般条款的作用,法律适用中应区分业主决议的瑕疵情形,醇化业主决议的撤销事由。业主撤销诉讼的制度功能侧重于保护业主个体权利,决议撤销事由除了违反正当程序及内容违反管理规约之外,还包括决议内容显失公平。由此可在《民法典》框架内实现业主合法权益保护的解释目标,并有效化解业主个体权益救济与业主团体决议安定效率之间的冲突。

Article 280 of the Civil Code stipulates that an owner may petition the people’s court for withdrawing the decision made by the owners association or owners committee on condition that the decision has infringed his legitimate rights and interests.However,there is controversy in judicial practice about how to understand and apply it.The infringement of the legal rights and interests of owner is used to judge the defects of the resolution,when definite indication is unavailable,exploring the justification of owners’resolution will be a functionally alternative approach.Article 280 of the Civil Code essentially plays the role of the general clauses on owners’rights and interests,it is necessary to distinguish between the defect situation of the owner’s resolution in the application of the law,so as to further filter the reasons for the cancellation of the owner’s resolution.The system function of the owner’s revocation litigation tends to protect the individual rights of owner.The causes of revocation include the resolution violates due process,the content of the resolution violates the management statute,and the content of the resolution is obviously unfair.As a result,the interpretation goal of protecting the legal rights and interests of owners can be realized within the framework of the Civil Code,and the conflict between the relief of the individual rights of owners and the stability and efficiency of the owners’group resolution can be effectively resolved.