原油含硫化合物分离及分析方法新进展

Recent advances in separation and analysis methods of sulfur compounds in crude oils

原油中含硫化合物组成与结构信息广泛应用于油气勘探、石油运输和炼化以及环境保护。目前,挥发性和半挥发性含硫化合物的研究相对成熟,但是对大分子含硫化合物的结构认识相对薄弱。本次研究系统调研了国内外含硫化合物的分离和分析方法,总结了各方法的原理、实验流程、优缺点、应用和意义。含硫化合物分离方法主要包括化学转化方法和柱层析分离方法,可以有效分离噻吩类、硫醚类、亚砜类、硫醇类以及含硫多环芳烃类化合物。高分辨质谱和全二维气相色谱对高分子含硫化合物表征提供了技术支持。总体而言,对高分子含硫化合物的分子结构、来源、成岩演化过程及其生物标志物等信息的研究相对欠缺,建议加强对低成熟高硫原油的研究,探索高分子含硫化合物的赋存形式和地球化学意义,为石油勘探开发进一步提供指导信息。

Compositional and structural information of sulfur-containing compounds in crude oils is of great importance in the exploration of oil and gas,oil transportation,refining,and environmental protection.At present,there has been significant research on volatile and semi-volatile sulfur-containing compounds.However,the structure of macromolecular sulfur-containing compounds is not as well understood.This study systematically reviews the separation and analysis methods of sulfur-containing compounds and summarizes the understanding behind the principles,experimental processes,advantages and disadvantages,applications,and significance of each method.The separation methods mainly involve chemical transformation and chromatographic separation,which can effectively separate thiophenes,sulfides,sulfoxides,thiols,and sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from crude oils.High-resolution mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gas chromatography provide technical support for characterizing macromolecular sulfur-containing compounds.However,without a systematic understanding of these compounds,it is difficult to study their molecular structure,origin,diagenetic evolution process,and biomarker information.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the research on low mature,high sulfur crude oils and explore the form and geochemical significance of macromolecular sulfur-containing compounds.This research will help guide oil exploration and development.