跳跃动作下运动鞋鞋底硬度对下肢生物力学的影响

Influence of sole hardness on biomechanics of lower limbs under jumping motion

为探讨运动员在不同落地高度下,运动鞋底硬度对下肢生物力的影响,随机选择10位试验对象,分别选用某品牌鞋不同鞋底硬度(45、55、65 HA)和不同落地高度(30、45、60 cm)进行被动落地动作,通过三维运动捕捉系统采集落地冲击过程中的动作参数,利用Visual 3DTM和SPSS软件进行数据处理和分析,获得各指标的统计分析结果.结果表明:相同高度不同硬度的对比中,下肢刚度、GRFmax、COP未出现显著性差异,但较低鞋底硬度会通过改变下肢关节角度来改变落地过程中下肢刚度,以及重心位移的变化,从而降低地面反作用力对下肢的冲击.相同硬度不同高度下对比,下肢刚度、最大地面反作用力(GRFmax)、人体重心投影坐标(COP)均出现显著性差异,其中高度30 cm与60 cm对比中呈现极显著性差异,选择较低硬度篮球鞋能降低地面反作用力造成的运动损伤.

To investigate the influence of the sports sole hardness on the biological force of the lower limbs at different landing heights.The 10 test objects were randomly selected to select the sole hardness of different shoes(45 HA,55 HA,65 HA) and different landing heights(30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm) for passive landing actions.Collect the action parameters through the three-dimensional motion capture system, and use the data processing and analysis with Visual 3 DTM and SPSS software.In contrast to the different hardness of the same height, the stiffness and GRFmax, COP of the same height, but the stiffness of the lower sole will change the angle of the lower limb joint, the lower limb stiffness and center of gravity, reduce the impact of ground reaction on the lower limbs.Under the different height of same hardness, the lower limb stiffness, GRFmax and COP are significantly different, where the height of 30 cm and 60 cm showed a very significant difference, and the selection of lower hardness basketball shoes can reduce the movement damage caused by the ground reaction force.