面向城市公园的感知可达性研究进展述评与人本规划思潮下的应用启示

Reviewing the Research Development of Perceived Accessibility to Urban Parks and Its Application Inspirations in the Trend of Human-oriented Planning

在当前人本规划思潮兴起和信息技术高速发展的背景下,人地关系趋于复杂化并逐渐跨越了传统的物质空间关系,个体感知与偏好在公园使用行为影响层面上的重要性逐渐彰显,而基于地理位置的空间可达性无法反映可达性的全貌,在理论和实践中的局限性日益凸显,城市公园绿地系统的规划与精细化管理亟须将居民的感知纳入参考体系。感知可达性将微观尺度的个体感知与偏好纳入概念内涵与评估体系,是对空间可达性的重要补充,也是空间分析领域未来的研究热点。但当前国内外感知可达性领域的理论与实证研究仍然较少,尤其在国内存在较大的研究空白。本文对感知可达性这一创新性概念和测度体系进行系统性述评,并阐释感知可达性与传统空间可达性的差异性,以期在理论框架和方法论层面推动感知可达性的发展,从而填补人本需求这一重要影响因素在规划领域应用的空白,并为人本规划思潮下城市公园的规划与精细化管理提供理论依据。

Accessibility is one of the most important indicators used in urban park system planning,since the spread of services provided by parks largely depends on park usage,while park usage is closely related to the perceptions of potential park users regarding accessibility.In recent years,with the development of information technology and human-oriented planning agenda,the relationship between human and space tends to be more complex,which gradually transcends the traditional physical spatial relationship,and the importance of personal perceptions and preferences in affecting park use behavior becomes more obvious.However,physical accessibility which is based on geographical locations fails to reflect the whole picture of accessibility,which limits its theoretical and practical applications.Perceived accessibility incorporates microscale perceptions and preferences into its conceptual and assessment system,which is an important complement of physical accessibility.But current studies on the theoretical and practical applications of perceived accessibility are still very limited,especially in China.This paper focuses on the development of assessment of perceived accessibility,systematically reviewed relevant studies in China and overseas countries,and explaines the differences between perceived accessibility and traditional physical accessibility in the aspects of concept,measurement,and practical applications,so as to facilitate the development of theoretical framework and methodology of perceived accessibility,and provide theoretical references for the planning and refined management of urban parks with the prevalence of humanoriented planning agenda.