公共产品导向:多中心治理的城中村更新——以深圳水围柠盟人才公寓为例

Public Product Orientation:Urban Village Renewal Under Polycentric Governance,A Case Study of Ningmeng Talent Apartment in Shuiwei Village,Shenzhen

现有的城中村更新模式因其局限性,难以满足特大城市社会经济转型发展多元需求,成为制约更新改造进程与效果的关键因素。本文基于多中心理论视角,剖析传统更新模式的弊端,界定了城中村更新的四大主体(政府、市场、村民、外来人口)及其角色,提出我国城中村更新改造应建立平等协作、包容外来人口的多中心治理模式,并通过深圳水围村实践案例分析发现,公共产品(利益)的创建是形成多中心治理的重要平台,能促成包容合作。此外,以人才住房供给为导向的更新方略实现了低成本解决大城市保障性住房供给的难题,“一石二鸟”的操作模式为全国城市治理探索出新路径。在此基础上本文提出城中村多中心治理更新的路径——政府的服务理念应从管理转向治理,企业发展目标应主动融入于公共政策战略目标,社会应加强社区资本培育促进自治理能力,赋予外来人口“城市权”,促进市民化发展;同时以城市公共产品(利益)为触媒促进各方“妥协”,寻找更新过程中集体的相对最优成果,促进谈判协作。

The existing urban village renewal model is difficult to meet the diversified needs of megacity socio-economic transformation and development,which has become a key factor in limiting the effects of renewal and transformation.Based on the perspective of polycentric governance theory,this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional renewal model.After defining the four main bodies(government,market,villagers,migrants)and their roles in the renewal of urban villages,it suggests that the urban village renewal and reconstruction in China shall establish a polycentric governance schema with equalized collaboration and inclusion of migrants.Then,through the case study of Shuiwei Village in Shenzhen,it is found that the construction of public goods(interests)is an important catalyst for polycentric governance.In addition,the renewal strategy guided by“talent housing”supply as a low-cost affordable housing supply solution in large cities,has explored a new path of local governance for the nation.On this basis,the paper puts forward the path of multi-center governance renewal of urban villages,which includes:changing government affairs from management to governance;actively integrating the goal of enterprise development into the one of public policy and conforming to the law of market;strengthening the community cultivation and promoting the ability of autonomy;offering the“urban right”to the alien population to promote the development of civilization;using the urban public products(benefits)to promote the“compromise”of all parties;seeking for the relative optimal results of the collective in the renewal process;and promoting negotiation and cooperation.