木星系环境特征与航天器防护设计研究

Study on Environmental Characteristics of Jovian System and Spacecraft Protection Design

木星系探测是中国未来深空探测的重要方向之一,木星系环境极其复杂,对其进行研究是探测任务重要的科学目标。此外,木星系环境对探测器的影响更是制约任务设计的关键要素。从重力场、磁场、大气层/外逸层、电磁辐射、高能粒子、等离子体、微流星体等7个方面全面分析了木星系各环境要素的特征及研究现状。其中,木星空间等离子体和高能粒子通量远高于地球空间,其产生的多种辐射效应(如总剂量及内带电效应)是航天器设计中的防护重点。此外,重力场模型是轨道和推进分系统设计的重要依据,需构建冗余模型;木星的强磁场对探测器控制分系统中高灵敏电磁设备的设计提出较高要求;探测器所受电磁辐射的主要来源包括:太阳直接辐射、木星/卫星反照太阳辐射、木星红外辐射等。此外,木星卫星外逸层稀薄,但存在多种原子;微流星体来源包括行星际和木星系本身,应避免微流星体与航天器碰撞产生的表面性能退化或击穿风险。

The Jovian system exploration is an important field of deep space exploration in China for the future.Environments in Jupiter’s system are very complex and the exploration of them is an important scientific goal.Besides that,such rigorous space environment is also a demanding factor for mission design.In this study,the characteristics and research progress of gravity field,magnetic field,atmosphere/exosphere,electromagnetic radiation,high-energy particle radiation,plasma,and meteoroids in Jupiter’s system are analyzed.The gravity field model is an important basis for the design of the orbit and propulsion subsystem and the redundant model needs to be built.Jovian strong magnetic field constraints the design of sensitive electromagnetic equipment in control subsystem.The main sources of electromagnetic radiation in Jupiter’s orbit include solar radiation,Jupiter/Satellite reflection radiation,and Jupiter infrared radiation.The exospheres of Jupiter’s moons are thin but include different kinds of atoms.The flux of plasma and high-energy particles in Jupiter’s orbit is much higher than that in Earth’s orbit.They can produce a variety of radiation effects.Among these the focus of protection is total dose and internal charging.The sources of meteoroids include interplanetary and Jovian system.The risk of surface degradation or breakdown caused by collision between meteoroids and spacecraft should be avoided.