“天问一号”降落伞材料性能分析与试验研究

Performance Analysis and Experimental Study of Tianwen-1 Parachute Material

降落伞是火星探测器减速的重要方式,火星降落伞应用条件与常规降落伞有很大不同。开展了“天问一号”火星降落伞经历环境和力学条件的分析对比,结合国外成功着陆的火星降落伞和纺织材料发展,对火星降落伞材料的应用情况进行介绍;对“天问一号”火星降落伞新材料质量特性和湿度对降落伞质量影响进行计算及分析;通过高低温环境、高密度包装和长期在轨贮存条件的降落伞材料力学试验,获取了“天问一号”火星降落伞材料的强度变化参数。结果表明:降落伞材料在经历各类环境条件后,强度仍能满足火星条件的工作要求,可为后续深空探测降落伞材料设计提供参考。

Parachute is an important way for a Mars rover to decelerate.As the application conditions of Mars parachutes are very different from those of conventional parachutes.In this article,the environmental and mechanical conditions experienced by Tianwen-1 Mars parachute were analyzed,and by combining the successful landings of Mars parachutes abroad and the development of textile materials,the application of Mars parachute materials was introduced.Then,the weight characteristics of the new Mars parachute material and the influence of humidity on the parachute mass were analyzed.Finally,through parachute materials’mechanical experiments with high and low temperature environments,high-density packaging,and long-term on-orbit storage conditions,the strength change parameters of the Mars parachute material on Tianwen-1 were obtained.The results indicate that the strength of the parachute material can still meet the working requirements of Mars after experiencing various environmental conditions.This article can provide a reference for the design of parachute materials in subsequent deep space explorations.