北京市朝阳区医务人员与教职工饮食生活方式对BMI影响因素分析

Analysis of Influence Factors on Body Mass Index of Medical Staff and Faculty in Chaoyang District,Beijing

目的:通过对北京市朝阳区职业人群不同体质量指数(BMI)组间生活方式特点的对比分析,探讨影响超重/肥胖的相关因素,为朝阳区职业人群养成健康生活方式提供依据。方法:采用病例对照研究的方法,对2019年1月至2019年10月参加职工健康体检的14404名北京市朝阳区医务人员及教职工进行问卷调查,其中有效回收问卷共7811份,依据问卷调查数据及健康体检数据,从饮食、吸烟/饮酒史、运动及工作性质等不同维度探讨生活方式对超重/肥胖的影响。结果:7811名调查对象中,超重/肥胖者共3165例,总检出率为40.52%,其中男性检出率为65.98%,女性检出率为34.25%,男性超重/肥胖率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随年龄升高,超重/肥胖检出率呈明显上升趋势(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、饮食状况、清淡饮食、偏咸、高油脂、牛羊肉、进食速度、浓茶在模型中均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中年龄(OR=1.518)、饮食习惯以荤为主(OR=1.303)、饮食口味偏咸(OR=1.175)、高油脂(OR=1.394)、喜食牛羊肉(OR=1.258)、进食速度快(OR=1.387)、饮浓茶(OR=1.281)均为导致超重/肥胖的危险因素;女性(OR=0.308)、饮食习惯以素为主(OR=0.703)、清淡饮食(OR=0.794)均为导致超重/肥胖的保护因素。结论:不良饮食习惯和生活方式对超重/肥胖存在影响,合理的膳食结构和健康的生活方式,能有效降低超重/肥胖的发生。

Objective:To explore the related factors affecting overweight/obesity,a comparative analysis of lifestyle characteristics among different groups of occupational population in Chaoyang District was made.And the basis for developing healthy lifestyle of occupational population in Chaoyang District was provided.Method:Based on the method of the case-control study,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 14,404 medical staff and faculty who participated in the employee health examination from January to October 2019.A total of 7811 questionnaires were effectively returned.Based on the questionnaire survey data and health examination data,Analyze the impact of lifestyle on overweight/obesity from different dimensions such as diet,smoking/drinking history,exercise,nature of work,etc.Result:Among the 7811 survey subjects,there were 3165 overweight/obese cases,the detection rate was 40.52%,the detection rate was 65.98%for men and 34.25%for women.There is a significant difference in overweight/obesity rates between men and women(P<0.05).The detection rate of overweight/obesity is increasing with age(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,diet status,light diet,salty,high fat,beef and mutton,eating speed,and strong tea were all statistically significant in the model(P<0.05).Age(OR=1.518),eating habits based on meat(OR=1.303),salty taste(OR=1.175),high fat(OR=1.394),preference for beef and mutton(OR=1.258),fast eating(OR=1.387),and strong tea(OR=1.281)are all risk factors for overweight/obesity;Women(OR=0.308),vegetarian diet(OR=0.703),and light diet(OR=0.794)are all protective factors for overweight/obesity.Conclusion:Poor eating habits and lifestyle have influence on overweight/obesity.Reasonable dietary structure and healthy lifestyle can effectively reduce the incidence of overweight/obesity.