不同锻炼方式对大学生情绪稳定性和自信心水平的影响——以个人项目和集体项目研究为例

Effect of different types of exercise on emotional stability and confidence level of college students:Taking team sports vs.individual sports for example

探讨不同体育锻炼方式对大学生情绪稳定性和自信心水平的干预效果。方法:采用个人项目(短跑、长跑、健美操)及集体项目(篮球、足球、排球)2种锻炼方式对中国石油大学胜利学院100名大学生进行16周的运动干预,于实验前,实验中每隔两周,实验后使用《艾森克人格问卷(成人版)》中的《神经质量表》(N量表)、《自信心量表》进行测评。结果:(1)个人项目组、集体项目组情绪稳定性和自信心水平均得到了改善;(2)集体项目组情绪稳定性改善效果好于个人项目组,个人项目组自信心水平改善效果好于集体项目组;(3)干预周期的时间主效应显著,锻炼时间持续12周以上,心理效益达到最佳的改善状态,并一直保持这个状态。结论:体育锻炼可以有效地改善大学生情绪稳定性和自信心水平;在2种锻炼方式中,集体项目对情绪稳定性以及个人项目对自信心水平的改善效果最佳;锻炼时间持续12周,才可以看到明显的心理效益。

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of different types of physical exercise on the emotional stability and confidence level of college students.Methods:A total of 100 college students from Shengli College China University of Petroleum were intervened by individual sports(sprinting,distance running,aerobics)and team sports(basketball,football,volleyball)for 16 weeks.Before the experiment,every two weeks during the experiment and after the experiment,the Neuroticism Scale(N Scale)of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(adult version)and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for evaluation.Results:1)The emotional stability and confidence level of both the individual sports group and the team sports group were improved on average.2)The degree of improvement of the emotional stability of the team sports group was better than that of the individual sports group,and the opposite is true in terms of the degree of improvement of confidence level.3)The primary time effect of the intervention cycle was significant,and when the exercise time lasted for more than 12 weeks,optimal improvement in psychological benefits was reached and maintained.Conclusion:Physical exercise can effectively improve the emotional stability and confidence level of college students.Among the two types of exercise,team sports play a better role in improving the emotional stability while individual sports in improving the confidence level.Obvious psychological benefits only appear when the exercise cycle lasts for 12 weeks.