论隐私权与个人信息权益的关系与保护模式——《民法典》第四编第六章的法理解释

On the Relationship between the Right to Privacy and Personal Information Right and the Framework of Protection:Interpretation of Chapter VI in Jurisprudence Perspective,Book Four,China Civil Code

《民法典》第四编第六章对隐私权与个人信息权益的关系和保护作出了规定,但在如何实施与适用方面还需要作进一步的解释。从现实来看,隐私权与个人信息权益受到多重因素影响而逐渐得以发展完善与界分。从欧洲与美国的经验来看,在建立个人信息保护制度时,无论是“防守型”还是“矫正型”,均属于私法与公法协作的模式,其中最关键的是处理好立法与实施的衔接问题。中国采取“统筹兼顾型”的个人信息保护制度,《民法典》发挥着关键的作用。所以,处理好《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》及相关法律之间的关系,在此基础上通过合作治理方式展开对个人信息保护制度的建设是中国数据治理的重中之重。

Chapter VI,Book Four in Civil Code of PRC provides the relationship between the right to privacy and personal information and its framework of protection.The implication of these provisions needs further clarification to put into practice.In China,the boundary between the right to privacy and personal information is getting clearer.Personal information protection frameworks of Europe and the United States,whether“defensive”or“corrective”,fall into the scope of private law-public law collaboration,and the key is to deal with the connection between legislation and implementation.Different from Europe and the United States,China has adopted a personal information protection framework that is featured by“overall consideration”.The Civil Code plays an important role in this framework.To address issues in the data privacy field,China must clarify the relationship between the Civil Code and Personal Information Protection Law and related legislation.Based on it,the construction of personal information protection system,through cooperative governance,is the top priority in China’s data governance.