鸦片战争后海军装备改进滞后原因新探

New Probe into the Reasons for the Lag of Military Equipment Improvement After the Opium War

鸦片战争后,清政府进行了善后防务建设。战时陆上处处堵防、节节被动的失利使统治者认识到海战的重要性,因此以制造船炮为善后要务,并出现了仿造夷船、购买夷船的倾向。但由于指导思想模糊、组织实施力量薄弱、技术瓶颈短期内无法逾越、统治者缺乏长久谋划、军费短绌等原因,海军装备升级无果而终。

After the Opium War,the Qing government carried out the rehabilitation construction of defense.During the war,the rulers realized the importance of naval warfare because of the passive failure of blocking and defending everywhere on land.Therefore,they took the manufacturing of ships and guns as the major task after the war,and there was a tendency to imitate and buy foreign ships.However,due to the vague guiding ideology,weak organization and implementation force,failure to solve the technical bottleneck in a short time,the ruler's lack of long-term planning,and the shortage of military expenditure,the upgrading of weapons and equipment of the navy failed.