我国国家公园特许经营分析与运营模式选择

Concession Management Analysis and Operation Model Selection of China′s National Parks

国家公园作为我国保护地体制建设的核心任务之一,为实现国家公园生态保护与资源增值的双赢目标,特许经营是其在运营管理中可以采用的良好方法。根据类别划分,我国国家公园特许经营属于政府特许经营,并由统一的国家公园管理机构代为行使特许经营管理的职责。为规范特许经营管理,运用比较分析法对O&M模式(运营和维护合同)、LOT模式(租赁-经营-移交)、BOT模式(建设-运营-移交)、TOT模式(移交-经营-移交)等4种特许经营模式进行比较分析,综合得出:TOT模式是目前我国国家公园特许经营的较优选择,在运用中也可因地制宜地配合使用其他模式。此外,针对目前我国国家公园特许经营在法律规范、运营管理、资金收支、监管方面存在的问题,提出健全法律体系、规范运营流程、制定收支标准、完善监管机制等4项特色举措。研究探索国家公园建设中特许经营的未来发展路径,以期为推动国家公园发展提供借鉴与启示。

National park is one of the core tasks of China′s protected area system construction.In order to achieve the win-win goal of national park ecological protection and resource appreciation,franchising is a good method that can be used in its operation and management.According to the classification,the national park franchise in our country belongs to the government concession.In order to regulate the concession management,this article used a comparative analysis method to analyze the O&M model(Operation and Maintenance Contract),the LOT model(Lease-Operate-Transfer),and BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer)mode and TOT(Transfer-Operate-Transfer)concession model are compared and analyzed,and it was concluded that the TOT model is currently the better choice for national park concession in China,and other models can also be used in conjunction with local conditions.In addition,in view of the existing problems in legal regulation,operation management,fund revenue and expenditure,and supervision of current characteristics of operation,four special measures such as improving the legal system,standardizing operation procedures,formulating revenue and expenditure standards,and improving the supervision mechanism were proposed to effectively contribute to China′s ecological civilization.This article studied and explored the future development path of concession in national park management,so as to provide reference and inspiration for promoting the development of national parks.