妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制情况对母婴不良妊娠结局的影响

The Effect of Blood Glucose Control in Gestational Diabetes Patients on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Mothers and Infants

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制情况对母婴不良妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年1月于该院进行治疗的妊娠期糖尿病患者120例,按照患者血糖控制效果分为研究组(血糖控制效果不好,n=57)和对照组(血糖控制效果良好,n=63),对比分析两组产妇妊娠结局及围生期新生儿并发症发生情况的差异。结果研究组阴道分娩率(36.8%)较对照组(68.3%)低,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.860,P<0.05);对照组产妇产后感染、产后出血、剖宫产、早产、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压以及羊水过多的发生例数较研究组少,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.170、6.030、8.200、6.030、4.170、6.030,P<0.05);对照组新生儿中巨大儿、高胆红素血症、红细胞增多症、低血糖、新生儿窒息等不良事件发生例数较研究组少,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.170、7.160、8.200、7.160、4.320,P<0.05)。结论通过良好的血糖控制可将妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖水平控制在稳定状态,提升围生期母婴安全度,改善妊娠和围生儿结局。

Objective To investigate the influence of blood glucose control in patients with gestational diabetes on the adverse pregnancy outcome of mothers and infants.Methods A retrospective analysis of 120 patients with gestational diabetes who were treated in the hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 was divided into the study group(the effect of blood glucose control was not good,n=57)and the control group(the effect of blood glucose control was good,n=63),and the differences in pregnancy outcome and perinatal neonatal complications between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The vaginal delivery rate of the study group(36.8%)was lower than that of the control group(68.3%),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.860,P<0.05).the control group had fewer cases of postpartum infection,postpartum hemorrhage,cesarean section,premature delivery,premature rupture of membranes,hypertension during pregnancy,and polyhydramnios than the study group,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.170,6.030,8.200,6.030,4.170,6.030,P<0.05).The number of adverse events such as macrosomia,hyperbilirubinemia,polycythemia,hypoglycemia,and neonatal asphyxia among the newborns in the control group was less than that in the study group,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.170,7.160,8.200,7.160,4.320,P<0.05).Conclusion Good blood glucose control can control the blood glucose level of patients with gestational diabetes in a stable state,improve the safety of mothers and infants during the perinatal period,and improve pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.