《上海孤儿》中的记忆书写

On the Writing of Memory in When We Were Orphans

石黑一雄的小说《上海孤儿》以自传性的片段式回忆为叙事内容和形式,叙述了主人公兼叙事者班克斯对童年记忆的探寻。然而,记忆的不可靠叙述造成了班克斯对自我身份的解构,并由此引发身份认同危机。其对创伤经历的回忆和再现,呈现了创伤修复的过程,而叙事行为本身构成其伦理性的言说。班克斯对个体记忆袒露的同时也再现了集体乃至民族所经历的创伤,这种对历史记忆的呈现凸显其通过追寻证据,勇于担负起记忆的责任。小说以超现实主义色彩的记忆碎片为叙事媒介,通过对记忆、身份、创伤、历史等主题的关注,体现出石黑一雄写作中反思生命、观照历史的人文关怀。

With his autobiographical and episodic memory as both the narrative content and form,Kazuo Ishiguro’s When We Were Orphans records the protagonist and narrator Banks’search for his childhood memory.However,memory is unreliable and Banks’unreliable narration of his memory leads to the deconstruction of Banks’self-identity,thus causing the identity crisis.Banks’recollections and reappearance of traumatic memory present the process of trauma repair.The narrative behavior of Banks demonstrates his ethical sayings.The exposition of individual memory also represents traumas experienced by the collective and even a nation.The presentation of the historical memory reflects that Banks shoulders the duty of memory in the way of seeking for the truth.Taking surrealistic and fragmented memory as its narrative medium and concentrating on the themes of memory,identity,trauma,history,etc.,the novel highlights Kazuo Ishiguro’s reflection on the meaning of life and contemplation of history in his works.