18-19世纪英文文献中的浙东沿海地名Cape Liampo探析--以苏格兰人坎宁安的书信为中心

Textual Research on the Place Name“Cape Liampo”in the Coastal Area of East Zhejiang in the 18th-19th Century English Literature--Based on the Scottish James Cunningham’s Two Letters

1700年苏格兰人詹姆士·坎宁安作为东印度公司商船“伊顿号”随船医生来华后,在舟山期间写的两封书信中有对浙东沿海地名“Cape Liampo”的描述。作为早期西方人亲历中国的重要英文文献,坎宁安书信分别载于《哲学汇刊》《航海旅行纪事集》《中国丛报》以及《欧洲人对中国植物的早期研究》。本文通过解读这两封书信在不同历史时期的收录情况以及注释,发现这些英文文献对“Cape Liampo”这一地名的记载经历了Khi-tu、Ketow、Ke tou、“岐头”(k’i tou)的演变,反映了18—19世纪欧洲人对浙东沿海的地理认知和对中国语言的认识不断深化的过程。

Two letters,written in 1700 by James Cunningham,who came to Zhoushan,China,as a physician for“Eton”of the East India Company,gives a description of Cape Liampo,a name given by Portuguese to a promontory in the coastal area of east Zhejiang.As an important literature of early Westerners’personal experience of China,Cunningham’s letters were published in Philosophical Transaction,Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliothe,The Chinese Repository and Early European Researches in the Flora of China.By interpreting the notes of these two letters in different periods of history,the paper finds the interpretation of Cape Liampo in the English archives as“Khi-tu”“,Ketow”“,Ke tou”and“岐头(k’i tou)”,which reflects the evolving process of Europeans’geographic knowledge of the coastal area of east Zhejiang and their linguistic knowledge of the Chinese language in the 18th and 19th centuries.