《民法典》视野下环境民事责任的体系化构建

On the Systematical Construction of Environmental Civil Liability from the Perspective of Civil Code

我国《民法典》“绿色责任”条款较原《侵权责任法》的相关规定,从侵权行为样态方面新增了“破坏生态”的侵权责任,建构了环境污染侵权责任、生态破坏侵权责任、生态环境损害赔偿责任“三位一体”的责任体系,完善了我国生态环境损害民事责任的内容。在为环境责任体系化构建带来发展机遇的同时,也带来司法适用上的挑战。当前应以环境责任体系化发展为契机,从厘清民事责任与环境责任为出发点,以生态恢复论指引环境责任体系的建构,优化赔偿损失责任形式的适用,引入环境行政主体的责任,重视环境禁令的功能,构建融多功能、多形式责任形式为一体的环境责任体系。

In the“green liability”provisions of Civil Code,compared with the original stipulations of Tort Liability Law,the tort liability of“damaging the ecology”is newly added in terms of the tort modality,affirming the scope of ecological environment damage compensation of such“quaternity”as“the liability for damage of prevention measure cost,repair liability,temporary loss and perpetual damage”and improving the content of civil liability for damage to the ecology and environment in our country.While bringing development opportunities to the systemization of environmental responsibility,it also brings challenges in judicial application.At present,we should take advantage of the opportunity of systematic development of environmental responsibility to clarify civil responsibility and environmental legal responsibility,guide the construction of environmental responsibility system with ecological restoration theory,optimize the application of the form of liability for damages,introduce the responsibility of environmental administrative subjects,and attach importance to environmental prohibitions,so that we can build an environmental responsibility system that integrates multiple functions and multiple forms.