中国的“北方宗族”与宗族的“北方类型”

China’s “Northern Clans” and Clan’s “Northern Type”

“类型”的存在可超越“区域”的划定“空间”。中国北方地区的宗族虽然都是“北方宗族”,但并不一定自然属于“北方类型”。根据目前的研究成果,中国宗族的“北方类型”主要呈现为横向性的“门”及“门”型系谱,这些“门”从发生时已与南方地区纵向性的“族—房”模式不同;构成“门”之起点的,一定是几位具有同胞关系的平辈兄弟,而不是展示约束关系的异辈父子。为宗族构建“北方类型”并使其表现出理论上的特殊价值,还有很长的路要走,需要通过对中国南北方宗族各种特有范畴和标志的比较研究才能实现。

The existence of“type”can transcend“space”defined by“region”.Although the clans in northern China are“northern clans”,they don’t necessarily belong to the“northern type”.According to the current research,the“northern types”of Chinese clans are mainly characterized by the horizontal“Men”(门)and the“Men”type pedigrees.These“Men”have been different from the vertical“Zu-Fang”(族—房)mode in the southern region since their occurrence.The starting of“Men”has to be several brothers with sibling relationships,rather than fathers and sons that show constraint relationships.There is still a long way to go to construct the“northern type”for the clans and show its special value in theory,which needs to be realized through the comparative study of various unique categories and symbols of the clans in China.