西周时期《诗经》文本形成与“诗教”传统源流

The Text Formation of The Book of Songs in the Xizhou Dynasty and the Traditional Origin of Its Educational Function

《诗经》结集历程自古便已有论之,其并非孤立而成,而与三代早期“诗教”传统有着关联。此传统在西周时期的继承,既与商周互融的文化关系相关,也与周朝维护自身统治需要相关。但“诗教”的继承同样存在嬗变,具体表现为不同时代环境下诗文本多方面的变化。而这些变化本质上存在着偏离“诗教”限制的倾向,使宗教性质的礼乐文本逐渐更注重表达需求的满足,因而使整个时代的诗歌不断向文本自由化方向发展。

The collection process of The Book of Songs has been discussed since ancient times.It is not isolated but is related to the tradition of its educational function in the early three generations.The inheritance of this tradition in the Xizhou Dynasty was not only related to the cultural relations between the Shang and Zhou dynasties,but also related to the needs of the Zhou Dynasty to maintain its own rule.However,the inheritance also has evolution,which is specifically manifested as the text changes of poetry in different era environments.In essence,these changes have a tendency to deviate from the restrictions of its educational function,so the religious ritual and music texts gradually pay more attention to the satisfaction of expression needs,and the poetry of the whole era continue to develop to the direction of text liberalization.