2017—2020年扬州地区住院肺炎患者呼吸道病毒监测结果分析

Respiratory tract virus surveillance and analysis of pneumonia inpatients from 2017 to 2020 in Yangzhou

目的分析扬州地区住院肺炎患者呼吸道病原监测结果,了解呼吸道病毒流行情况。方法收集2017—2020年扬州市住院肺炎患者咽拭子样本1479例,采用荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测5种呼吸道病毒,并对结果进行分析。结果1479例咽拭子样本中,阳性195例(13.18%),其中2种病毒混合感染7例(0.47%);检出率居前3位的分别为流感病毒(5.54%)、呼吸道合胞病毒(2.63%)、人肠道病毒(1.89%)。2017年呼吸道病毒感染高峰集中在3~5月和11~12月,2018年集中在7月和9月,2019年集中在1~3月和12月,2020年集中在9月。女性患者阳性检出率高于男性(χ^(2)=6.26,P<0.05);0~6岁儿童阳性检出率最高(χ^(2)=15.87,P<0.05)。呼吸道病原谱构成与性别无关(χ^(2)=7.68,P>0.05);不同年份和不同年龄组病原谱构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为6.26、27.33,P<0.01)。结论2017—2020年,扬州地区住院肺炎患者呼吸道病毒流行季节及病原谱构成每年均有所不同,主要病原为流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒,0~6岁儿童为易感人群,女性感染呼吸道病毒可能更易进展为肺炎。应加强呼吸道病原监测,流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒是呼吸道疫情防控的重点。

Objective To analyze the results of respiratory tract virus surveillance of pneumonia inpatients in Yangzhou,and to investigate the prevalence of respiratory tract viruses in Yangzhou.Methods From 2017 to2020,the throat swab samples of pneumonia inpatients in Yangzhou were determined for 5 respiratory tract viruses by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and the results were analyzed.Results In the1479 throat swab samples,195(13.18%)positive cases were determined.There were 7 cases(0.47%)of mixed2-virus infection.The top 3 viruses with high determination rates were influenza virus(5.54%),human respiratory syncytial virus(2.63%)and human enterovirus(1.89%).The peak of positive determination rate of respiratory tract virus in pneumonia inpatients was mainly concentrated in March-May and November-December in 2017,in July and September in 2018,in January-March and December in 2019 and in September in 2020.In the positive cases of respiratory tract virus,the determination rate of females was higher than that of males(χ^(2)=6.26,P<0.05).Children of 0-6 years old had the highest positive determination rate(χ^(2)=15.87,P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the composition of respiratory pathogen spectrum between males and females(χ^(2)=7.68,P>0.05).The composition of respiratory pathogen spectrum was different in different years and different ages(χ^(2) values were6.26 and 27.33,P<0.01).Conclusions The epidemic season and respiratory pathogen spectrum in pneumonia inpatients in Yangzhou from 2017 to 2020 varied from year to year,but the main pathogens were influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus.Children of 0-6 years old are the susceptible group,and females infected with respiratory tract virus are more likely to progress to pneumonia.Respiratory tract virus surveillance should be strengthened,and influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus should be taken as the focuses of the prevention and control of respiratory epidemic.