地方社会保障政策出台存在的问题及其综合治理

Locally Promulgated Social Security Policies:Problems and Comprehensive Governance

社会保障是国家的重要民生保障制度,是国民的法定权益,通常由国家统一法律加以规制。我国的社会保障因渐进改革等原因形成的路径依赖,至今尚未成为国家统一制度安排,地方拥有较大的自决权,致使各地出台的社会保障政策杂乱,一些地方政策甚至出现“见光死”现象。这不仅损害国民的正当权益,还可能导致重大社会风险。因此,应当将法定保障制度的定制权上收到中央层级,通过国家立法进行统一规制。当务之急是清理地方不适宜的社会保障政策,由主管部门出台统一政策,在此基础上加快制定行政法规与专门法律,以促使社会保障制度走向成熟和定型,并在法治轨道上运行。

Social security is an important insurance of people's livelihoods and a legal right of every citizen,andit is usually regulated by lawsat the national level.Due to the path dependence caused byincremental reforms and other factors,China’s social security system has not yet been unified under an overarching national scheme.Too much autonomy of local governments to formulate social security policies has led to a wide variety of fragmented policies.Moreover,some local policies had even revoked immediately after being promulgated due to enormous controversies.This policy autonomy not only harms the vital interests of the people,but may also lead to considerable social risks.Thus,the decision-making power of the statutory social security system should be transferred to the central government and regulated through national level legislation.To ensure a well-established and fully-fledged social security system under the rule of law,it is imperative now to revoke unreasonable policies launched by local governments with minimal delay and introduce nationally unified policies made by ministries in charge,and then accelerate the establishment ofadministrative regulations and special laws.