固定化微生物处理农药废水的研究进展

Research progress of immobilized microorganismtechnology in pesticide wastewater treatment

农药污染日益严重,固定化微生物比游离微生物具有更高的降解毒性物质的效率,可作为农药降解的战略手段。综述了固定化微生物技术在农药降解过程中载体的选择以及它们的优点和局限性、功能微生物的选择和修复效果与机理,总结了固定化微生物技术在不同种类农药废水(有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、三嗪类和新烟碱类)中的最新应用研究进展。认为在农药降解过程中应注重选择合适的载体材料和具有针对性的功能微生物制备固定化微生物材料,并需要深入探究其修复机理。探讨固定化微生物技术在处理农药污染废水问题方面的发展前景,以期为固定化微生物技术修复不同类型农药废水的实际应用提供参考。

Pesticide pollution is becoming more and more serious.The immobilized microorganism has higher degradation efficiency than the free microorganism,which can be used as a strategic mean of pesticide degradation.This paper reviewed the selection,the advantages and disadvantages of carriers.The selection of functional microorganism,the remediation effect and mechanism of immobilized microorganism technology in the process of pesticide degradation were elaborated.Meanwhile,the latest applications of immobilized microorganism technology used in different kinds of pesticide wastewater(organochlorine,organophosphorus,carbamate,pyrethroid,triazine and neonicotinoid)were discussed.It is suggested that selecting suitable carrier materials is the key of pesticide degradation.And it is also important to select targeted functional microorganism to prepare immobilized microbial materials.Deeply exploring the mechanism of degradation is necessary.In this paper,immobilized microorganism technology in the treatment of pesticide contaminated wastewater was prospected,so as to provide references for the practical application of immobilized microbial technology in the treatment of various pesticide wastewater.