中国体育学演进历程探析——基于学科建构路径理论

Evolution of Sports Science in China Based on Discipline Construction Theory

采用文献资料和逻辑分析法,基于学科建构路径理论,对中国体育学演化历程进行全局式的考察,并在同一理论框架下和西方体育学进行比较。研究表明,中国体育学演进未经历“问题研究形态”,直接进入“研究领域形态”进而演化为“学科范畴形态”;社会需求是中国体育学演进的第一驱动力,哲学思潮的影响贯穿了中国体育学整个发展历程,求知欲和学科间协同作用对中国体育学的影响在改革开放之后逐渐增大;中国体育学是以综合性学科形态出现并演化,改革开放之后稳定的学科制度保障了学科理智充分发展,形成中国特色的体育学学科体系;中国体育学学科建构路径在时间轴上和西方体育学“学科范畴形态”相并联,中国体育学“应然学科”的特征更加明显;西方体育学演进呈现出“汇川成海”的特征,中国体育学演进呈现出“支离破碎”的特点。

The study of the basic theory of discipline must be based on the history of the discipline.The context and trend of discipline development can be understood by describing the continuity of the academic process.Adopting literature review and logical analysis,based on the theory of discipline construction,the paper investigated the sports science in China,and compared it with the sports science in the western countries under the same theoretical framework.The research showed that the evolution of the sports science in China did not experience the problem research process,but directly entered into the research process and then evolved into the discipline categorization.Social demand was the first driving force for the evolution of the sports science in China.The influences of the philosophical thought ran through the whole development process of the sports science in China.After the reform and opening up,the influence of thirst for knowledge and interdisciplinary cooperation on the sports science in China gradually increased.The sports science in China evolved in a comprehensive discipline form.After the reform and opening up,the stable discipline system ensured the full and rational development of the discipline,and formed the discipline system of the sports science in China.The construction of the sports science in China paralleled with the discipline categorization of the western sports science on the time axis,and the characteristics of the discipline of the sports science in China were more obvious.The evolution of the western sports science was gradual while that in China was fragmented.