司马光的学术逻辑与唐宋时人对汉武帝的看法:读《制造汉武帝》

Sima Guang's Academic Logic and the Opinion of Emperor Wudi of Han in the Tang-Song Period:A Critique of The Fabrication of Emperor Wudi of Han

辛德勇《制造汉武帝》认为,为了反对王安石变法,司马光在《资治通鉴》中刻意采用不可信的《汉武故事》,塑造了虚假的武帝晚年政治形象。本文对此有所质疑。首先,《通鉴》相关部分,完成于王安石变法之前。其次,辛氏对《汉书》的认识,有偏颇之嫌。其三,武帝末年悔过,是唐宋时人的普遍看法。其四,辛氏所举司马光观点前后变化两例,均不能成立。其五,《通鉴》中汉武帝与戾太子政见分歧的记载源自《汉武故事》,并非无可争议的定论,而辛氏对吕祖谦《大事记》、王益之《西汉年纪》及王祎《大事记续编》的解读,均有商榷的余地。

Xin Deyong believes that Sima Guang shaped a false image of Emperor Wudi of Han in History as a Mirror by choosing the discredited materials of The Story of Emperor Wudi of Han to oppose the reform of Wang Anshi.The author cannot agree with such judgement.First,the relevant content in History as a Mirror was finished before the reform.Secondly,Xin seems to hold a biased opinion on the Book of Han.Thirdly,it was the conventional wisdom in the Tang-Song period that Emperor Wudi repented in his later years.Fourth,neither of the two instances quoted by Xin to illustrate the change happened on Sima Guang can hold water.Fifth,the statement that the record on the political difference between Emperor Wudi and Prince of Li in History as a Mirror was originated from The Story of Emperor Wudi of Han is far from a final conclusion.Meanwhile,Xin's interpretations of the documents including the Chronicle of Events,Annals of the Western Han,and Continuation of Chronicle of Events all need to be discussed.