金属-有机骨架在生物质及其衍生化学品中的应用

Application and research progress of metal-organic framework materials in biomass and its derived chemicals

生物质作为储量丰富、分布广泛和生长周期短的可再生资源之一,在生物质衍生燃料、高附加值化学品和生物质基复合材料等领域得到了广泛应用。然而,在转化为更高价值的副产品时由于低利用率和使用不当造成大量的资源浪费,如何进一步寻求生物质资源高效利用的新途径成为关键难题。金属-有机骨架(MOFs)是一类新兴的无机-有机杂化多孔、高度结晶、有序的晶体材料,因具有结构多样性、高比表面积、低密度、均一可控的孔径尺寸、大量的活性位点和丰富的孔结构等独特性质而备受关注。近年来,国内外学者利用其本征结构及特性,以MOFs作为新型载体引入功能化纳米粒子或非均相催化剂等活性组分构筑的新型结构体系成为当前研究热点之一,并逐渐应用于生物质及其衍生物基复合材料的制备和生物质催化转化等领域,相关基础研究正在逐渐拓展并展现出较大的应用潜力。基于此,笔者对当前MOFs材料在生物质及其衍生化学品中应用研究的代表性成果进行梳理与总结,主要包括MOFs/生物质木材复合材料、MOFs/生物质基气凝胶复合材料、MOFs/生物质棉衍生的柔性碳材料,以及以上材料在电磁屏蔽、分离吸附、传感等领域中的应用,重点阐述了MOFs在生物质及其衍生物催化转化中的应用现状,并对现阶段上述研究领域内存在的主要问题和未来发展方向做了总结和展望。

As one of the renewable resources with abundant reserves,wide distribution and short growth cycle,biomasses are widely used in the fields of biomass-derived fuels,high value-added chemicals and biomass-based composites.However,the problems of the low utilization rate and improper use of biomass resources in the conversion of biomass wastes into high value-added products still remain.Thus,the exploration of novel technologies of efficient utilization of renewable biomass resources has become a key problem and hot reseaerch topic.Metal-organic framework materials(MOFs)are an emerging class of inorganic-organic hybrid porous,highly crystalline and ordered crystal materials consisting of inorganic metal ions/clusters and organic ligands through coordination bonds of moderate strength.MOFs materials have attracted much attention because of their pleasant physical properties,such as structural diversity,large specific surface area,low densities,homogeneous and controllable pore size,large number of active sites and rich pore structure.The combination with biomass and its derivatives has been found to provide a possible strategy to solve previorsly mentioned problems.In recent years,many domestic and international researchers have used the intrinsic structure and properties of metal-organic framework materials as a new carrier to introduce functionalized nanoparticles or non-homogeneous catalysts and other active components to construct new structural systems.MOFs have become one of the current research hotspots and gradually applied to the preparation of biomass and its derivatives-based composites and biomass catalytic conversion.The related basic research has been gradually expanded,showing great potential for applications.Based on this,this paper reviews and summarizes the representative results of the current research on the application of metal-organic framework materials in biomass and its derived chemicals,mainly including MOFs/biomass wood composites,MOFs/biomass-based aerogel composites,MOFs/biomass cotton-derived flexible carbon materials,and applications of the above materials in electromagnetic shielding,separation and adsorption,sensing,and many other research fields.The current status of the application of metal-organic framework materials in the catalytic conversion of biomass and its derivatives is highlighted,and the main problems and future development directions in the above fields are presented.