家居用疏水保温胶合板制备及性能研究

Preparation and performance of hydrophobic thermal insulation plywood for household

以二氧化硅(SiO_(2))气凝胶纳米颗粒为主要改性材料,乙醇(C_(2)H_(6)O)为分散剂,利用真空浸渍工艺改性杨木单板的疏水性和隔热性,并制备成为具有疏水保温性能的胶合板。采用无醛级大豆胶作为胶黏剂,将杨木(Populus)单板热压成为胶合板,测试胶合板的导热系数、疏水性能、力学性能以及浸渍剥离性能,研究不同组坯方式制备的胶合板在上述性能方面的差异。研究结果表明:采用SiO_(2)气凝胶纳米颗粒浸渍改性杨木单板制备的胶合板,其表面具有极佳的疏水性,改性处理后胶合板表面的水接触角最大达到134.05°,较未改性处理的胶合板(87.68°)提高了52.89%。改性胶合板的导热系数呈现不同的变化趋势,较未改性胶合板最大升高比例为7.69%、最大降低比例为23.08%。改性胶合板的力学性能也出现不同的变化趋势,静曲强度和弹性模量发生降低和升高。与未改性胶合板相比,改性胶合板的最大静曲强度由88.98 MPa提高到96.42 MPa,增大了8.36%;最小静曲强度为75.23 MPa,降低了15.45%。改性胶合板的最大弹性模量由6.69 GPa提高到7.18 GPa,增大了7.32%;最小弹性模量为5.73 GPa,降低了14.35%。改性胶合板通过采用Ⅲ类浸渍剥离试验,胶层均未产生剥离。利用SiO_(2)气凝胶改性杨木单板制备的胶合板具有很好的疏水和保温性能,同时具有较好的力学性能,可应用于室内墙板中,在室内装饰和建筑领域中具有广阔的应用前景。

Wood-based panel with hydrophobic and thermal insulation properties have always been in demand in the field of home and construction improvements.A simple and low-cost method was developed to improve the thermal insulation and hydrophobicity of poplar(Populus)veneers,and then hydrophobic and thermal insulated plywood was manufactured.In this research,silica(SiO_(2))aerogel powder was dispersed in ethanol(C_(2)H_(6)O)and poplar veneer was vacuum impregnated in the solution.The plywood was made from modified poplar veneers with different assembly forms by hot pressing using formaldehyde-free soybean adhesive.The thermal conductivity,hydrophobicity,mechanical properties,and dip peel performance of the plywood were tested.The differences in the performance of the plywood with different assembly forms were studied.It was shown that the surface of the plywood made of modified poplar veneers impregnated with silica aerogel powder had excellent hydrophobicity.The water contact angle on the surface of the modified plywood was increased to 134.05°,which was increased by 52.89%compared with the untreated plywood.The thermal conductivity of the modified plywood with different assembly forms showed different trends,compared with the unmodified plywood.The maximum increase ratio was 7.69%,and the maximum decrease ratio was 23.08%.The mechanical properties of the modified plywood also showed different trends,and the static bending strength and elastic modulus also decreased and increased.Compared with the unmodified plywood,the maximum static flexural strength of the modified plywood increased from 88.98 to 96.42 MPa,which was an increase of 8.36%;the minimum static flexural strength was 75.23 MPa,being a decrease of 15.45%.The maximum elastic modulus of the modified plywood was increased from 6.69 to 7.18 GPa,which was an increase of 7.32%;the minimum elastic modulus was 5.73 GPa,being a decrease of 14.35%.The modified plywood with different assembly forms was subjected to TypeⅢdip peel test and the adhesive layer did not peel off.It was proved that the using of vacuum impregnation to modify the poplar veneers with silica aerogel powder was a simple and effective method for preparing poplar veneers with thermal insulation and hydrophobicity and the modified poplar veneers can be applied to manufacture plywood.Furthermore,the modified plywood has excellent hydrophobic properties and thermal insulation,and maintains good mechanical properties,which can be applied to interior wall panels and widely used in the field of interior decoration and construction.